Photon Antibunching in Resonance Fluorescence

Photon Antibunching in Resonance Fluorescence

12 September 1977 | H. J. Kimble, M. Dagenais, and L. Mandel
The paper presents a comparison between two theoretical models, the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) and the Molecular Orbital (MO) approach, for predicting cross sections in a specific physical scenario. The DWBA predicts a cross section proportional to $ |J_1(qR)|^2 $, while the MO approach predicts a dominant $ |J_0(qR)|^2 $. Experimental data suggest the latter is more accurate. Other angular-momentum transfers do not show this discrepancy. The results are limited by approximations and depend on energy and system-specific factors. A full coupled-channels calculation is needed for accurate predictions. The MO approach is expected to predict an angular distribution out of phase with the DWBA for $ \Delta l = 1\hbar $ transitions. The study highlights that nature may provide examples where these approximations are valid. The paper also discusses photon antibunching in resonance fluorescence. It describes an experiment where sodium atoms are excited by a dye laser, and photoelectric counts show antibunching, indicating a quantized electromagnetic field. The experiment measures the joint probability density $ P_2(t, t+\tau) $, showing that the probability is greatest when $ \tau $ is near zero, indicating antibunching. The results are compared with theoretical predictions, showing that the measured $ \lambda(0) $ is approximately -0.6, suggesting the fluorescence may not always come from a single atom. The experiment provides direct evidence for quantum jumps and the quantum nature of the radiation field. The study was supported by the National Science Foundation.The paper presents a comparison between two theoretical models, the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) and the Molecular Orbital (MO) approach, for predicting cross sections in a specific physical scenario. The DWBA predicts a cross section proportional to $ |J_1(qR)|^2 $, while the MO approach predicts a dominant $ |J_0(qR)|^2 $. Experimental data suggest the latter is more accurate. Other angular-momentum transfers do not show this discrepancy. The results are limited by approximations and depend on energy and system-specific factors. A full coupled-channels calculation is needed for accurate predictions. The MO approach is expected to predict an angular distribution out of phase with the DWBA for $ \Delta l = 1\hbar $ transitions. The study highlights that nature may provide examples where these approximations are valid. The paper also discusses photon antibunching in resonance fluorescence. It describes an experiment where sodium atoms are excited by a dye laser, and photoelectric counts show antibunching, indicating a quantized electromagnetic field. The experiment measures the joint probability density $ P_2(t, t+\tau) $, showing that the probability is greatest when $ \tau $ is near zero, indicating antibunching. The results are compared with theoretical predictions, showing that the measured $ \lambda(0) $ is approximately -0.6, suggesting the fluorescence may not always come from a single atom. The experiment provides direct evidence for quantum jumps and the quantum nature of the radiation field. The study was supported by the National Science Foundation.
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[slides and audio] Photon Antibunching in Resonance Fluorescence