This paper presents the first experimental demonstration of a photonic topological insulator, a system that exhibits topologically protected transport of light along its edges without the need for an external magnetic field. The system is composed of an array of helical waveguides arranged in a honeycomb lattice, which is analogous to graphene. The helical structure introduces a fictitious vector potential that breaks chiral symmetry, leading to the emergence of topologically protected edge states. These edge states are characterized by their one-way propagation and immunity to scattering, a property similar to that of topological insulators in solid-state physics. The propagation of light through the lattice is described by a Schrödinger-type equation, where the time coordinate is replaced by the distance of propagation. The lattice's band structure is found to be a "Floquet topological insulator," with a band gap opening at the Dirac points, which is essential for topological protection. The edge states are calculated using a tight-binding model and are shown to be robust against scattering, even in the presence of defects or disorder. Experimental results demonstrate that light launched into the lattice propagates along the edges without backscattering, even when encountering corners or defects. The group velocity of the edge states is found to depend on the helical radius, reaching a maximum at around 10.3 micrometers. The results confirm the existence of topologically protected edge states in a photonic system, which could have applications in robust optical devices and quantum computing. The study highlights the potential of photonic systems to realize topological protection, a phenomenon that is fundamental to solid-state physics and has implications for future optical technologies.This paper presents the first experimental demonstration of a photonic topological insulator, a system that exhibits topologically protected transport of light along its edges without the need for an external magnetic field. The system is composed of an array of helical waveguides arranged in a honeycomb lattice, which is analogous to graphene. The helical structure introduces a fictitious vector potential that breaks chiral symmetry, leading to the emergence of topologically protected edge states. These edge states are characterized by their one-way propagation and immunity to scattering, a property similar to that of topological insulators in solid-state physics. The propagation of light through the lattice is described by a Schrödinger-type equation, where the time coordinate is replaced by the distance of propagation. The lattice's band structure is found to be a "Floquet topological insulator," with a band gap opening at the Dirac points, which is essential for topological protection. The edge states are calculated using a tight-binding model and are shown to be robust against scattering, even in the presence of defects or disorder. Experimental results demonstrate that light launched into the lattice propagates along the edges without backscattering, even when encountering corners or defects. The group velocity of the edge states is found to depend on the helical radius, reaching a maximum at around 10.3 micrometers. The results confirm the existence of topologically protected edge states in a photonic system, which could have applications in robust optical devices and quantum computing. The study highlights the potential of photonic systems to realize topological protection, a phenomenon that is fundamental to solid-state physics and has implications for future optical technologies.