The paper by Samson et al. discusses the phylogeny, identification, and nomenclature of the genus *Aspergillus*. It highlights that *Aspergillus* is a diverse group of species with significant impacts in biotechnology, food production, and human health. Traditionally, *Aspergillus* was associated with nine teleomorph genera, but recent phylogenetic studies suggest that *Aspergillus* forms a monophyletic clade closely related to *Penicillium*. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants has moved to one name per species, leading to a decision to keep *Aspergillus* as a single genus rather than splitting it into smaller genera. The authors introduce new combinations for accepted species lacking an *Aspergillus* name and provide an updated list of 339 accepted species. They also recommend standard techniques for identification and propose calmodulin as a secondary identification marker. The paper includes information on living ex-type culture collection numbers and GenBank accession numbers for available representative sequences. Additionally, it discusses the monophyly of *Aspergillus*, the evolution of conidiophore structures, and the nomenclature of *Aspergillus* and its sexual morphs. The authors recommend a polyphasic approach for species assignment, including sequence-based identification, and provide detailed methods for morphological and molecular species recognition.The paper by Samson et al. discusses the phylogeny, identification, and nomenclature of the genus *Aspergillus*. It highlights that *Aspergillus* is a diverse group of species with significant impacts in biotechnology, food production, and human health. Traditionally, *Aspergillus* was associated with nine teleomorph genera, but recent phylogenetic studies suggest that *Aspergillus* forms a monophyletic clade closely related to *Penicillium*. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants has moved to one name per species, leading to a decision to keep *Aspergillus* as a single genus rather than splitting it into smaller genera. The authors introduce new combinations for accepted species lacking an *Aspergillus* name and provide an updated list of 339 accepted species. They also recommend standard techniques for identification and propose calmodulin as a secondary identification marker. The paper includes information on living ex-type culture collection numbers and GenBank accession numbers for available representative sequences. Additionally, it discusses the monophyly of *Aspergillus*, the evolution of conidiophore structures, and the nomenclature of *Aspergillus* and its sexual morphs. The authors recommend a polyphasic approach for species assignment, including sequence-based identification, and provide detailed methods for morphological and molecular species recognition.