The genus Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species with significant impacts on biotechnology, food production, indoor environments, and human health. Traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, phylogenetic data suggest that Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants now requires one name per species, leading to the decision to keep Aspergillus as a single genus rather than split it into smaller genera. This paper presents arguments for this decision, introduces new combinations for species lacking an Aspergillus name, and provides an updated list of 339 accepted species. It includes information on living ex-type culture collection numbers and GenBank accession numbers for available ITS, calmodulin, β-tubulin, and RPB2 sequences. The paper also recommends calmodulin as a secondary identification marker. The monophyly of Aspergillus is supported by multiple phylogenetic studies, and the genus is divided into six subgenera. The conidiophore morphology of Aspergillus species is discussed, highlighting the importance of molecular and morphological data for species identification. The paper also outlines recommended methods for the identification and characterization of Aspergillus, including morphological and molecular approaches. The use of calmodulin as a secondary identification marker is emphasized, and a case study on calmodulin in section Nigri is provided. Extrolite data are also discussed, highlighting the importance of secondary metabolites in species identification. The paper concludes with a summary of the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of Aspergillus, emphasizing the need for a polyphasic approach in species identification.The genus Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species with significant impacts on biotechnology, food production, indoor environments, and human health. Traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, phylogenetic data suggest that Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants now requires one name per species, leading to the decision to keep Aspergillus as a single genus rather than split it into smaller genera. This paper presents arguments for this decision, introduces new combinations for species lacking an Aspergillus name, and provides an updated list of 339 accepted species. It includes information on living ex-type culture collection numbers and GenBank accession numbers for available ITS, calmodulin, β-tubulin, and RPB2 sequences. The paper also recommends calmodulin as a secondary identification marker. The monophyly of Aspergillus is supported by multiple phylogenetic studies, and the genus is divided into six subgenera. The conidiophore morphology of Aspergillus species is discussed, highlighting the importance of molecular and morphological data for species identification. The paper also outlines recommended methods for the identification and characterization of Aspergillus, including morphological and molecular approaches. The use of calmodulin as a secondary identification marker is emphasized, and a case study on calmodulin in section Nigri is provided. Extrolite data are also discussed, highlighting the importance of secondary metabolites in species identification. The paper concludes with a summary of the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of Aspergillus, emphasizing the need for a polyphasic approach in species identification.