This review article provides an overview of physical methods for the preparation of nanomaterials, their characterization techniques, and various applications. Nanomaterials, defined as materials with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm, are classified into carbon-based, metal-based, ceramic, lipid-based, semiconductor, and polymer nanomaterials. Physical methods such as inert gas condensation (IGC), physical evaporation, electric arc discharge, sputtering, and laser methods are widely used for their production. Characterization techniques include UV–V spectroscopy, XRD, BET, FESEM, FTIRS, TEM, and Zeta size analysis. Nanomaterials have diverse applications in environmental remediation, medical industries, agriculture, food processing, electronics, chemical processes, and military defense. The article also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each physical method and the unique properties of nanomaterials that make them suitable for these applications.This review article provides an overview of physical methods for the preparation of nanomaterials, their characterization techniques, and various applications. Nanomaterials, defined as materials with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm, are classified into carbon-based, metal-based, ceramic, lipid-based, semiconductor, and polymer nanomaterials. Physical methods such as inert gas condensation (IGC), physical evaporation, electric arc discharge, sputtering, and laser methods are widely used for their production. Characterization techniques include UV–V spectroscopy, XRD, BET, FESEM, FTIRS, TEM, and Zeta size analysis. Nanomaterials have diverse applications in environmental remediation, medical industries, agriculture, food processing, electronics, chemical processes, and military defense. The article also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each physical method and the unique properties of nanomaterials that make them suitable for these applications.