The paper reviews the physics of cavitation near particles, focusing on the interaction mechanisms between bubbles and particles. Cavitation and silt abrasion pose significant challenges to the operation and efficiency of hydraulic machinery in sediment-laden fluids. The study critically examines current research on bubble-particle interactions, including analytical models for predicting bubble collapse dynamics near particles, experimental and numerical investigations of bubble collapsing dynamics, jet dynamics, and shock wave characteristics, and the microjet behavior in the bubble-particle-wall system. The key to solving cavitation bubble dynamics near particles lies in the treatment of particle boundaries. The Weiss theorem is a mathematical tool used to analyze the influence of spherical boundaries by introducing virtual terms. A spherical particle can be treated as a combination of a mirror bubble and several uniformly distributed linear sinks. In two-dimensional problems, the circle theorem deals with cylindrical boundaries. Image methods are used to account for boundary effects on the flow field. Conformal transformations map complex boundaries to simple ones, combining with image methods and inverse transformations to obtain velocity potentials. The Kelvin impulse is used to predict the jet of cavitation bubbles. Benjamin and Ellis first applied the Kelvin impulse to cavitation bubble dynamics, mathematically explaining its rationality and applications in jet mechanisms. Blake et al. developed a theoretical model of the Kelvin impulse applicable to certain axisymmetric boundaries. Wu et al. further established a functional relationship between the Kelvin impulse and jet velocity by exploring the contributions of virtual bubbles and line sinks to liquid velocity distributions. Compared to conventional experiments and numerical simulations, the Kelvin impulse can precisely quantify jet direction. The shock wave generated during cavitation bubble collapse is another core mechanism of cavitation damage. Both the shock wave and microjet generate significant pressure on the particle surface. Most current research on shock waves is near solid walls, with some investigations on cavitation bubbles near particles. With a small stand-off distance between the particle and bubble, the pressure generated by the shock should be considered. The paper focuses on theoretical and experimental approaches to boundary treatment, jet prediction, and shock wave mechanisms of cavitation bubbles near particles. It systematically explains the characteristics of bubble wall motion, the formation mechanism of jets near single and multi-particles, and particle-wall models from theoretical, experimental, and numerical simulation perspectives.The paper reviews the physics of cavitation near particles, focusing on the interaction mechanisms between bubbles and particles. Cavitation and silt abrasion pose significant challenges to the operation and efficiency of hydraulic machinery in sediment-laden fluids. The study critically examines current research on bubble-particle interactions, including analytical models for predicting bubble collapse dynamics near particles, experimental and numerical investigations of bubble collapsing dynamics, jet dynamics, and shock wave characteristics, and the microjet behavior in the bubble-particle-wall system. The key to solving cavitation bubble dynamics near particles lies in the treatment of particle boundaries. The Weiss theorem is a mathematical tool used to analyze the influence of spherical boundaries by introducing virtual terms. A spherical particle can be treated as a combination of a mirror bubble and several uniformly distributed linear sinks. In two-dimensional problems, the circle theorem deals with cylindrical boundaries. Image methods are used to account for boundary effects on the flow field. Conformal transformations map complex boundaries to simple ones, combining with image methods and inverse transformations to obtain velocity potentials. The Kelvin impulse is used to predict the jet of cavitation bubbles. Benjamin and Ellis first applied the Kelvin impulse to cavitation bubble dynamics, mathematically explaining its rationality and applications in jet mechanisms. Blake et al. developed a theoretical model of the Kelvin impulse applicable to certain axisymmetric boundaries. Wu et al. further established a functional relationship between the Kelvin impulse and jet velocity by exploring the contributions of virtual bubbles and line sinks to liquid velocity distributions. Compared to conventional experiments and numerical simulations, the Kelvin impulse can precisely quantify jet direction. The shock wave generated during cavitation bubble collapse is another core mechanism of cavitation damage. Both the shock wave and microjet generate significant pressure on the particle surface. Most current research on shock waves is near solid walls, with some investigations on cavitation bubbles near particles. With a small stand-off distance between the particle and bubble, the pressure generated by the shock should be considered. The paper focuses on theoretical and experimental approaches to boundary treatment, jet prediction, and shock wave mechanisms of cavitation bubbles near particles. It systematically explains the characteristics of bubble wall motion, the formation mechanism of jets near single and multi-particles, and particle-wall models from theoretical, experimental, and numerical simulation perspectives.