Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive technique that induces changes in cortical excitability. It has been used in clinical trials for various neurological and psychiatric disorders, and its physiological mechanisms are being studied. The review discusses the effects of tDCS on synaptic plasticity, particularly in the motor cortex, and how it may influence motor learning. tDCS is thought to modulate synaptic strength through changes in membrane potential and intracellular calcium levels. Anodal stimulation increases cortical excitability, while cathodal stimulation decreases it. The effects of tDCS are influenced by neuromodulators such as dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. The aftereffects of tDCS depend on the modulation of synaptic plasticity and can last for several hours. The review also discusses the differences between tDCS and other forms of LTP-like plasticity, and the potential for tDCS to induce long-lasting changes in cortical excitability. Overall, the evidence suggests that tDCS can modulate synaptic strength and may be used to enhance motor learning.Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive technique that induces changes in cortical excitability. It has been used in clinical trials for various neurological and psychiatric disorders, and its physiological mechanisms are being studied. The review discusses the effects of tDCS on synaptic plasticity, particularly in the motor cortex, and how it may influence motor learning. tDCS is thought to modulate synaptic strength through changes in membrane potential and intracellular calcium levels. Anodal stimulation increases cortical excitability, while cathodal stimulation decreases it. The effects of tDCS are influenced by neuromodulators such as dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. The aftereffects of tDCS depend on the modulation of synaptic plasticity and can last for several hours. The review also discusses the differences between tDCS and other forms of LTP-like plasticity, and the potential for tDCS to induce long-lasting changes in cortical excitability. Overall, the evidence suggests that tDCS can modulate synaptic strength and may be used to enhance motor learning.