Phytocannabinoids, naturally occurring compounds from the Cannabis plant, have garnered attention for their pharmacological effects and potential therapeutic uses. This review explores the pharmacological profiles of key phytocannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabinol (CBN), and their interactions with the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS, composed of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), endocannabinoids, and enzymes, plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Phytocannabinoids modulate ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, and antioxidant pathways, contributing to their therapeutic potential. CBD, a non-psychoactive compound, exhibits anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anxiolytic properties, making it a promising candidate for various medical conditions. THC, known for its psychoactive effects, has analgesic and antiemetic properties. Other phytocannabinoids, such as CBC, CBG, and CBN, also show pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and potential anticancer properties. The "entourage effect" highlights the synergistic interactions between phytocannabinoids and terpenes, enhancing their therapeutic potential. Phytocannabinoids interact with the ECS and other biological systems, influencing physiological processes such as pain, inflammation, and immune responses. CBD acts as an antagonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors and inhibits endocannabinoid degradation, increasing endocannabinoid levels. It also interacts with serotonin and dopamine receptors, contributing to its anxiolytic and analgesic effects. THC, on the other hand, has psychoactive effects and is used in medical settings for pain and nausea management. Therapeutic applications of phytocannabinoids include anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant properties, pain management, treatment of neurological disorders, psychiatric conditions, and cancer support. CBD has shown promise in treating epilepsy, while THC is used for neuropathic pain and spasticity. Cannabinoids also have potential in managing symptoms of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Despite their therapeutic potential, phytocannabinoids face legal and regulatory challenges, with varying laws across jurisdictions. Standardization of products is essential to ensure quality and safety. Additionally, the potential for abuse and dependence, particularly with THC, remains a concern. Ongoing research and preclinical trials aim to expand the therapeutic applications of phytocannabinoids and improve their delivery methods. Future directions include developing novel formulations and addressing regulatory and legal barriers to fully realize the therapeutic potential of these compounds.Phytocannabinoids, naturally occurring compounds from the Cannabis plant, have garnered attention for their pharmacological effects and potential therapeutic uses. This review explores the pharmacological profiles of key phytocannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabinol (CBN), and their interactions with the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS, composed of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), endocannabinoids, and enzymes, plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Phytocannabinoids modulate ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, and antioxidant pathways, contributing to their therapeutic potential. CBD, a non-psychoactive compound, exhibits anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anxiolytic properties, making it a promising candidate for various medical conditions. THC, known for its psychoactive effects, has analgesic and antiemetic properties. Other phytocannabinoids, such as CBC, CBG, and CBN, also show pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and potential anticancer properties. The "entourage effect" highlights the synergistic interactions between phytocannabinoids and terpenes, enhancing their therapeutic potential. Phytocannabinoids interact with the ECS and other biological systems, influencing physiological processes such as pain, inflammation, and immune responses. CBD acts as an antagonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors and inhibits endocannabinoid degradation, increasing endocannabinoid levels. It also interacts with serotonin and dopamine receptors, contributing to its anxiolytic and analgesic effects. THC, on the other hand, has psychoactive effects and is used in medical settings for pain and nausea management. Therapeutic applications of phytocannabinoids include anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant properties, pain management, treatment of neurological disorders, psychiatric conditions, and cancer support. CBD has shown promise in treating epilepsy, while THC is used for neuropathic pain and spasticity. Cannabinoids also have potential in managing symptoms of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Despite their therapeutic potential, phytocannabinoids face legal and regulatory challenges, with varying laws across jurisdictions. Standardization of products is essential to ensure quality and safety. Additionally, the potential for abuse and dependence, particularly with THC, remains a concern. Ongoing research and preclinical trials aim to expand the therapeutic applications of phytocannabinoids and improve their delivery methods. Future directions include developing novel formulations and addressing regulatory and legal barriers to fully realize the therapeutic potential of these compounds.