A study was conducted to assess the distribution of phytochemical constituents in ten Nigerian medicinal plants: Cleome nutidosperma, Emilia coccinea, Euphorbia heterophylla, Physalis angulata, Richardia bransitensis, Scopania dulcis, Sida acuta, Spigelia anthelmia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, and Tridax procumbens. The phytochemicals tested included alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides. All plants contained alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids except for Sida acuta (no tannins) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (no flavonoids). The study aimed to understand the scientific basis for the traditional uses of these plants in Nigerian ethnomedicine. The plants were collected from uncultivated farmlands in southern Nigeria and processed for phytochemical screening. The aqueous extracts were tested using standard methods to identify the presence of various phytochemicals. The results showed that all plants contained alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids, with S. cayennensis and T. procumbens lacking tannins and flavonoids, respectively. Terpenoids were present in S. dulcis, E. heterophylla, P. angulata, and E. coccinea. Steroids and phlobatannins were found in all plants. Quantitative analysis revealed that S. acuta had the highest percentage of alkaloids (1.04%), while C. rutidosperma had the lowest alkaloid yield (0.32%) but the highest tannin yield (15.25%). Phenolic compounds were present in minimal amounts. The study highlights the importance of these plants in traditional medicine and their potential as sources of bioactive compounds for drug development. Further research is needed to isolate and characterize these compounds for their medicinal applications.A study was conducted to assess the distribution of phytochemical constituents in ten Nigerian medicinal plants: Cleome nutidosperma, Emilia coccinea, Euphorbia heterophylla, Physalis angulata, Richardia bransitensis, Scopania dulcis, Sida acuta, Spigelia anthelmia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, and Tridax procumbens. The phytochemicals tested included alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides. All plants contained alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids except for Sida acuta (no tannins) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (no flavonoids). The study aimed to understand the scientific basis for the traditional uses of these plants in Nigerian ethnomedicine. The plants were collected from uncultivated farmlands in southern Nigeria and processed for phytochemical screening. The aqueous extracts were tested using standard methods to identify the presence of various phytochemicals. The results showed that all plants contained alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids, with S. cayennensis and T. procumbens lacking tannins and flavonoids, respectively. Terpenoids were present in S. dulcis, E. heterophylla, P. angulata, and E. coccinea. Steroids and phlobatannins were found in all plants. Quantitative analysis revealed that S. acuta had the highest percentage of alkaloids (1.04%), while C. rutidosperma had the lowest alkaloid yield (0.32%) but the highest tannin yield (15.25%). Phenolic compounds were present in minimal amounts. The study highlights the importance of these plants in traditional medicine and their potential as sources of bioactive compounds for drug development. Further research is needed to isolate and characterize these compounds for their medicinal applications.