The article reviews the mechanisms and strategies of phytoremediation, a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach to revegetate heavy metal-polluted soil. Heavy metals, which are non-biodegradable and persistent in the environment, pose significant threats to human health and ecosystems. Phytoremediation involves using plants to extract and remove heavy metals from soil, either through phytostabilization or phytoextraction. The review highlights the importance of understanding how plants take up, translocate, and detoxify heavy metals, and discusses strategies to improve phytoremediation efficiency, including genetic engineering, microbe-assisted approaches, and chelate-assisted methods. Genetic engineering can enhance plant performance by improving growth rate, biomass production, and heavy metal tolerance. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and mycorrhizae, can assist in heavy metal immobilization and increase plant root surface area. Chelating agents can increase heavy metal bioavailability, making them more accessible to plants. The article concludes that a combination of these approaches is essential for effective phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.The article reviews the mechanisms and strategies of phytoremediation, a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach to revegetate heavy metal-polluted soil. Heavy metals, which are non-biodegradable and persistent in the environment, pose significant threats to human health and ecosystems. Phytoremediation involves using plants to extract and remove heavy metals from soil, either through phytostabilization or phytoextraction. The review highlights the importance of understanding how plants take up, translocate, and detoxify heavy metals, and discusses strategies to improve phytoremediation efficiency, including genetic engineering, microbe-assisted approaches, and chelate-assisted methods. Genetic engineering can enhance plant performance by improving growth rate, biomass production, and heavy metal tolerance. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and mycorrhizae, can assist in heavy metal immobilization and increase plant root surface area. Chelating agents can increase heavy metal bioavailability, making them more accessible to plants. The article concludes that a combination of these approaches is essential for effective phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.