The article discusses the development of durable disease resistance in plants, moving from traditional breeding to genetic engineering. It highlights the importance of understanding the plant immune system, including the roles of PRRs and NLRs, and how pathogens evade these defenses. The authors emphasize the need for new strategies to combat plant diseases, such as identifying core effectors and using genomic tools to develop resistance. They also discuss the successful application of transgenic approaches in crops like papaya and squash, which have provided long-term resistance against viruses. The article outlines the challenges of maintaining resistance, including pathogen adaptation and the need for durable resistance strategies. It also addresses the potential of genome editing technologies like CRISPR and TALEN to enhance disease resistance. The authors conclude that future research should focus on deploying immune system receptors and managing microbial consortia to improve plant defense mechanisms. The review underscores the importance of integrating genomic information with breeding practices to develop sustainable disease resistance in crops.The article discusses the development of durable disease resistance in plants, moving from traditional breeding to genetic engineering. It highlights the importance of understanding the plant immune system, including the roles of PRRs and NLRs, and how pathogens evade these defenses. The authors emphasize the need for new strategies to combat plant diseases, such as identifying core effectors and using genomic tools to develop resistance. They also discuss the successful application of transgenic approaches in crops like papaya and squash, which have provided long-term resistance against viruses. The article outlines the challenges of maintaining resistance, including pathogen adaptation and the need for durable resistance strategies. It also addresses the potential of genome editing technologies like CRISPR and TALEN to enhance disease resistance. The authors conclude that future research should focus on deploying immune system receptors and managing microbial consortia to improve plant defense mechanisms. The review underscores the importance of integrating genomic information with breeding practices to develop sustainable disease resistance in crops.