The article discusses the evolution and development of plant disease resistance, highlighting the challenges posed by diverse and rapidly evolving pathogens. It reviews the historical progress in understanding the molecular components of the plant immune system and the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) in defense mechanisms. The authors emphasize the importance of genomics and genome editing technologies in identifying and deploying new resistance genes, particularly those that recognize core effectors of pathogens. They also explore strategies for durable disease resistance, such as stacking multiple resistance genes and using executor-mediated resistance. The article concludes by addressing future challenges, including regulatory and societal acceptance of genetically modified crops, and the need for sustainable and long-lasting solutions to protect global food security.The article discusses the evolution and development of plant disease resistance, highlighting the challenges posed by diverse and rapidly evolving pathogens. It reviews the historical progress in understanding the molecular components of the plant immune system and the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) in defense mechanisms. The authors emphasize the importance of genomics and genome editing technologies in identifying and deploying new resistance genes, particularly those that recognize core effectors of pathogens. They also explore strategies for durable disease resistance, such as stacking multiple resistance genes and using executor-mediated resistance. The article concludes by addressing future challenges, including regulatory and societal acceptance of genetically modified crops, and the need for sustainable and long-lasting solutions to protect global food security.