Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNVs) are emerging as a promising nanotechnology for disease therapy. These nanovesicles, derived from plant cells, exhibit biological functions such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects with minimal toxicity. They are rich in active lipid molecules and can serve as efficient drug delivery carriers due to their good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high delivery efficiency. PELNVs can be isolated and purified using various methods, including ultracentrifugation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration, polymer precipitation, chromatography, and microfluidic separation. Their physicochemical properties, such as particle size, morphology, and surface charge, are similar to those of animal-derived exosomes, and they can be used for targeted drug delivery and therapeutic applications. PELNVs have shown significant pharmacological effects, including promoting liver detoxification, immune regulation, targeting, stem cell marker expression, promoting angiogenesis, inducing effects, and anti-tumor effects. They can be delivered to targeted sites via oral administration and promote anti-inflammatory effects. PELNVs have been used in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and other diseases, improving treatment outcomes and prolonging patient survival. They have also been used in clinical applications such as drug delivery, clinical diagnosis, immunotherapy, and regenerative medicine. PELNVs can be modified and transformed to enhance their targeting ability and drug-loading capacity. They can be combined with synthetic liposomes to increase their internal cavity structure and loading space for more drugs or biomolecules. Additionally, cell membrane fusion technology can be used to encapsulate active substances within the vesicles of animal-derived cells, leveraging their homing effect to achieve precise targeted delivery. The use of organic-metal bioframeworks can also improve delivery efficiency by inhibiting the aggregation of biological macromolecules. In conclusion, PELNVs offer a novel and promising approach for disease therapy due to their unique properties, including good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high delivery efficiency. They have the potential to serve as safe and effective drug delivery carriers for various therapeutic applications. Further research is needed to fully explore their potential in clinical settings.Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNVs) are emerging as a promising nanotechnology for disease therapy. These nanovesicles, derived from plant cells, exhibit biological functions such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects with minimal toxicity. They are rich in active lipid molecules and can serve as efficient drug delivery carriers due to their good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high delivery efficiency. PELNVs can be isolated and purified using various methods, including ultracentrifugation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration, polymer precipitation, chromatography, and microfluidic separation. Their physicochemical properties, such as particle size, morphology, and surface charge, are similar to those of animal-derived exosomes, and they can be used for targeted drug delivery and therapeutic applications. PELNVs have shown significant pharmacological effects, including promoting liver detoxification, immune regulation, targeting, stem cell marker expression, promoting angiogenesis, inducing effects, and anti-tumor effects. They can be delivered to targeted sites via oral administration and promote anti-inflammatory effects. PELNVs have been used in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and other diseases, improving treatment outcomes and prolonging patient survival. They have also been used in clinical applications such as drug delivery, clinical diagnosis, immunotherapy, and regenerative medicine. PELNVs can be modified and transformed to enhance their targeting ability and drug-loading capacity. They can be combined with synthetic liposomes to increase their internal cavity structure and loading space for more drugs or biomolecules. Additionally, cell membrane fusion technology can be used to encapsulate active substances within the vesicles of animal-derived cells, leveraging their homing effect to achieve precise targeted delivery. The use of organic-metal bioframeworks can also improve delivery efficiency by inhibiting the aggregation of biological macromolecules. In conclusion, PELNVs offer a novel and promising approach for disease therapy due to their unique properties, including good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high delivery efficiency. They have the potential to serve as safe and effective drug delivery carriers for various therapeutic applications. Further research is needed to fully explore their potential in clinical settings.