The article reviews the biological formation, isolation, and characterization of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELVNs) and their potential as drug delivery systems. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells, containing various substances such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. PELNVs, derived from plants, exhibit unique biological effects like anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties with minimal toxic side effects. They are rich in active lipids and can serve as novel carriers for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high delivery efficiency. The review highlights the methods for isolating and purifying PELNVs, including ultracentrifugation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration centrifugation, polymer precipitation, chromatography, and microfluidic separation technology. Physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of PELNVs are discussed, emphasizing their stability under gastrointestinal conditions and their ability to target specific cells and tissues. Safety and toxicological studies of PELNVs are also reviewed, showing their good cell and animal safety profiles. The article further explores the pharmacological effects of PELNVs, including their regulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, and their potential as drug carriers. Finally, the article discusses the modification and transformation of PELNVs to enhance their drug-loading capacity and targeting ability, making them promising candidates for various therapeutic applications.The article reviews the biological formation, isolation, and characterization of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELVNs) and their potential as drug delivery systems. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells, containing various substances such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. PELNVs, derived from plants, exhibit unique biological effects like anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties with minimal toxic side effects. They are rich in active lipids and can serve as novel carriers for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high delivery efficiency. The review highlights the methods for isolating and purifying PELNVs, including ultracentrifugation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration centrifugation, polymer precipitation, chromatography, and microfluidic separation technology. Physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of PELNVs are discussed, emphasizing their stability under gastrointestinal conditions and their ability to target specific cells and tissues. Safety and toxicological studies of PELNVs are also reviewed, showing their good cell and animal safety profiles. The article further explores the pharmacological effects of PELNVs, including their regulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, and their potential as drug carriers. Finally, the article discusses the modification and transformation of PELNVs to enhance their drug-loading capacity and targeting ability, making them promising candidates for various therapeutic applications.