The article reviews the mechanisms and applications of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in agriculture. It highlights the increasing global demand for food production due to population growth and environmental degradation, emphasizing the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. PGPB are discussed as a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides, with potential to enhance plant growth and improve soil health. The introduction outlines the challenges of feeding a growing population and the environmental impacts of industrialization, highlighting the importance of sustainable agriculture. It mentions the use of phytoremediation, which involves using plants to remove pollutants from the environment, and the role of PGPB in enhancing this process. The article then delves into the mechanisms by which PGPB promote plant growth. These include facilitating resource acquisition (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron), modulating phytohormone levels (like cytokinins, gibberellins, indoleacetic acid, and ethylene), and indirect mechanisms such as producing antibiotics, lytic enzymes, and siderophores to control pathogens. The text also discusses the potential of PGPB to induce systemic resistance in plants against various stresses. Finally, the article concludes by emphasizing the potential of PGPB in agriculture, noting their successful use in developing countries and their growing role in organic farming. It identifies several challenges for widespread adoption, including public education, regulatory approval, and genetic engineering, but remains optimistic about the future of PGPB in sustainable agriculture.The article reviews the mechanisms and applications of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in agriculture. It highlights the increasing global demand for food production due to population growth and environmental degradation, emphasizing the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. PGPB are discussed as a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides, with potential to enhance plant growth and improve soil health. The introduction outlines the challenges of feeding a growing population and the environmental impacts of industrialization, highlighting the importance of sustainable agriculture. It mentions the use of phytoremediation, which involves using plants to remove pollutants from the environment, and the role of PGPB in enhancing this process. The article then delves into the mechanisms by which PGPB promote plant growth. These include facilitating resource acquisition (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron), modulating phytohormone levels (like cytokinins, gibberellins, indoleacetic acid, and ethylene), and indirect mechanisms such as producing antibiotics, lytic enzymes, and siderophores to control pathogens. The text also discusses the potential of PGPB to induce systemic resistance in plants against various stresses. Finally, the article concludes by emphasizing the potential of PGPB in agriculture, noting their successful use in developing countries and their growing role in organic farming. It identifies several challenges for widespread adoption, including public education, regulatory approval, and genetic engineering, but remains optimistic about the future of PGPB in sustainable agriculture.