This review discusses the adaptive mechanisms that plants use to cope with salt stress. Plants tolerant to NaCl implement various adaptations to acclimate to salinity, including morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes. These changes include increases in the root/canopy ratio and chlorophyll content, as well as changes in leaf anatomy that help prevent leaf ion toxicity and maintain water status to limit water loss and protect photosynthesis. The review also covers the effects of salt stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence, and mechanisms that protect the photosynthetic machinery, such as the xanthophyll cycle, photorespiration pathway, and water-water cycle. Additionally, it provides an updated discussion on salt-induced oxidative stress at the subcellular level and its effects on antioxidant machinery in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants. Salt stress is perceived by the root system and impairs plant growth in the short term by inducing osmotic stress due to reduced water availability and in the long term by salt-induced ion toxicity due to nutrient imbalance in the cytosol. The two main threats imposed by salinity are osmotic stress and ionic toxicity associated with excessive Cl⁻ and Na⁺ uptake, leading to Ca²⁺ and K⁺ deficiency and other nutrient imbalances. Salt stress is also manifested as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These responses to salinity contribute to the harmful effects on plants. Under saline conditions, plants activate different physiological and biochemical mechanisms to cope with the resulting stress. These mechanisms include changes in morphology, anatomy, water relations, photosynthesis, hormonal profile, toxic ion distribution, and biochemical adaptation (such as the antioxidative metabolism response). Morphological adaptations of plants to salinity include changes in root and aerial part morphology, which affect root performance and water and nutrient acquisition. Salt-tolerant plants can survive in high NaCl concentrations due to better salt resistance mechanisms. Euhalophytes can cope with salt stress by developing resistance mechanisms such as salt exclusion, elimination, succulence, and redistribution. These plants can also accumulate salt in their cell sap to maintain a low osmotic potential. Salt stress reduces plant growth through osmotic and toxic effects, and high sodium uptake ratios cause sodicity, increasing soil resistance and reducing root growth. Root hydraulic conductivity varies in response to the salt content of irrigation water. The root hydraulic conductance is expressed in terms of the whole root dry weight, without considering the role of root architecture in water uptake capacity. In grafting experiments, salt-tolerant rootstocks alleviate the negative effects of abiotic stress more than salt-sensitive rootstocks. Inoculating roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants cope with saline stress. AMF-soil-plant interactions can enable the reuse of reclaimed water, especially when roots grow in saline soil. Salt stress causes a decrease in fresh weight or dry weight in all plant tissues, especially in the aerialThis review discusses the adaptive mechanisms that plants use to cope with salt stress. Plants tolerant to NaCl implement various adaptations to acclimate to salinity, including morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes. These changes include increases in the root/canopy ratio and chlorophyll content, as well as changes in leaf anatomy that help prevent leaf ion toxicity and maintain water status to limit water loss and protect photosynthesis. The review also covers the effects of salt stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence, and mechanisms that protect the photosynthetic machinery, such as the xanthophyll cycle, photorespiration pathway, and water-water cycle. Additionally, it provides an updated discussion on salt-induced oxidative stress at the subcellular level and its effects on antioxidant machinery in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants. Salt stress is perceived by the root system and impairs plant growth in the short term by inducing osmotic stress due to reduced water availability and in the long term by salt-induced ion toxicity due to nutrient imbalance in the cytosol. The two main threats imposed by salinity are osmotic stress and ionic toxicity associated with excessive Cl⁻ and Na⁺ uptake, leading to Ca²⁺ and K⁺ deficiency and other nutrient imbalances. Salt stress is also manifested as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These responses to salinity contribute to the harmful effects on plants. Under saline conditions, plants activate different physiological and biochemical mechanisms to cope with the resulting stress. These mechanisms include changes in morphology, anatomy, water relations, photosynthesis, hormonal profile, toxic ion distribution, and biochemical adaptation (such as the antioxidative metabolism response). Morphological adaptations of plants to salinity include changes in root and aerial part morphology, which affect root performance and water and nutrient acquisition. Salt-tolerant plants can survive in high NaCl concentrations due to better salt resistance mechanisms. Euhalophytes can cope with salt stress by developing resistance mechanisms such as salt exclusion, elimination, succulence, and redistribution. These plants can also accumulate salt in their cell sap to maintain a low osmotic potential. Salt stress reduces plant growth through osmotic and toxic effects, and high sodium uptake ratios cause sodicity, increasing soil resistance and reducing root growth. Root hydraulic conductivity varies in response to the salt content of irrigation water. The root hydraulic conductance is expressed in terms of the whole root dry weight, without considering the role of root architecture in water uptake capacity. In grafting experiments, salt-tolerant rootstocks alleviate the negative effects of abiotic stress more than salt-sensitive rootstocks. Inoculating roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants cope with saline stress. AMF-soil-plant interactions can enable the reuse of reclaimed water, especially when roots grow in saline soil. Salt stress causes a decrease in fresh weight or dry weight in all plant tissues, especially in the aerial