The study investigates the role of plant stomata in innate immunity against bacterial invasion. It was found that stomatal closure is a key component of the plant's defense mechanism against bacteria, which perceive bacterial surface molecules through the FLS2 receptor, leading to the production of nitric oxide and the activation of the OST1 kinase. Plant pathogenic bacteria have evolved specific virulence factors, such as coronatine (COR), to counteract this defense mechanism by interfering with ABA signaling and NO production. The research highlights the importance of stomatal defense in bacterial disease and suggests that COR is a critical virulence factor in suppressing this defense. The findings provide new insights into the molecular ecology of bacterial diseases and the integration of abiotic and biotic signals in stomatal guard cells.The study investigates the role of plant stomata in innate immunity against bacterial invasion. It was found that stomatal closure is a key component of the plant's defense mechanism against bacteria, which perceive bacterial surface molecules through the FLS2 receptor, leading to the production of nitric oxide and the activation of the OST1 kinase. Plant pathogenic bacteria have evolved specific virulence factors, such as coronatine (COR), to counteract this defense mechanism by interfering with ABA signaling and NO production. The research highlights the importance of stomatal defense in bacterial disease and suggests that COR is a critical virulence factor in suppressing this defense. The findings provide new insights into the molecular ecology of bacterial diseases and the integration of abiotic and biotic signals in stomatal guard cells.