The AP2/ERF transcription factor family plays a critical role in plant disease resistance by regulating defense responses against microbial pathogens. These factors are involved in various aspects of plant immunity, including the activation of MAPK signaling cascades, regulation of hormonal signaling pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and formation of physical barriers. AP2/ERFs are classified into four families based on their domain structure and function, with distinct roles in stress responses and disease resistance. They act as transcriptional activators or repressors, modulating the expression of defense-related genes. For example, overexpression of certain AP2/ERF genes enhances resistance to pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and Phytophthora sojae. AP2/ERFs also interact with MAPKs, which phosphorylate them to enhance disease resistance. Additionally, they regulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites like resveratrol, nicotine, and hydroxycinnamic acid amides, which contribute to plant defense. AP2/ERFs also play a role in the formation of physical barriers, such as lignin and cutin, which prevent pathogen invasion. The family is involved in the crosstalk between signaling pathways of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene, which are key phytohormones in plant defense. Understanding the functions of AP2/ERFs in plant immunity can aid in the development of strategies for disease resistance in crops. Future research should focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying AP2/ERF regulation and their potential applications in plant breeding.The AP2/ERF transcription factor family plays a critical role in plant disease resistance by regulating defense responses against microbial pathogens. These factors are involved in various aspects of plant immunity, including the activation of MAPK signaling cascades, regulation of hormonal signaling pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and formation of physical barriers. AP2/ERFs are classified into four families based on their domain structure and function, with distinct roles in stress responses and disease resistance. They act as transcriptional activators or repressors, modulating the expression of defense-related genes. For example, overexpression of certain AP2/ERF genes enhances resistance to pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and Phytophthora sojae. AP2/ERFs also interact with MAPKs, which phosphorylate them to enhance disease resistance. Additionally, they regulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites like resveratrol, nicotine, and hydroxycinnamic acid amides, which contribute to plant defense. AP2/ERFs also play a role in the formation of physical barriers, such as lignin and cutin, which prevent pathogen invasion. The family is involved in the crosstalk between signaling pathways of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene, which are key phytohormones in plant defense. Understanding the functions of AP2/ERFs in plant immunity can aid in the development of strategies for disease resistance in crops. Future research should focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying AP2/ERF regulation and their potential applications in plant breeding.