The chapter discusses the application of plasma-assisted ignition and combustion, highlighting its historical development and recent advancements. It emphasizes the importance of non-equilibrium plasma in controlling ignition and flame stabilization, particularly in extreme conditions such as hypersonic aviation. The text reviews various mechanisms by which plasma affects gas combustion, including thermal and non-thermal effects, and explores the challenges and potential of plasma technologies in hypersonic applications. It also provides experimental demonstrations of plasma-assisted ignition in different flow conditions, such as supersonic and subsonic flows, and in quiescent gas. The physics of plasma-assisted combustion is further detailed, focusing on energy branching in discharge plasma, non-equilibrium plasma recombination, and vibrational relaxation. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the critical role of reduced electric field in controlling the direction of energy deposition and the importance of ultra-short high-voltage pulses for selective gas excitation.The chapter discusses the application of plasma-assisted ignition and combustion, highlighting its historical development and recent advancements. It emphasizes the importance of non-equilibrium plasma in controlling ignition and flame stabilization, particularly in extreme conditions such as hypersonic aviation. The text reviews various mechanisms by which plasma affects gas combustion, including thermal and non-thermal effects, and explores the challenges and potential of plasma technologies in hypersonic applications. It also provides experimental demonstrations of plasma-assisted ignition in different flow conditions, such as supersonic and subsonic flows, and in quiescent gas. The physics of plasma-assisted combustion is further detailed, focusing on energy branching in discharge plasma, non-equilibrium plasma recombination, and vibrational relaxation. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the critical role of reduced electric field in controlling the direction of energy deposition and the importance of ultra-short high-voltage pulses for selective gas excitation.