α-Granules are essential for normal platelet function and are derived from both regulated secretory and endocytic pathways in megakaryocytes. These granules contain a wide variety of bioactive proteins that are released upon platelet activation, contributing to processes such as hemostasis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, antimicrobial defense, wound healing, angiogenesis, and malignancy. α-Granules are formed in megakaryocytes and then transported to platelets, where they undergo further maturation through endocytosis. The formation and trafficking of α-granules involve complex molecular mechanisms, including vesicle trafficking, SNARE proteins, and various GTPases. Defects in α-granule formation can lead to inherited disorders such as Gray Platelet Syndrome, characterized by reduced α-granules and bleeding diathesis. α-Granules also play a role in coagulation by secreting proteins like fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, which are essential for platelet-platelet and platelet-endothelial interactions. Inflammation is also influenced by α-granules, as they release chemokines and adhesion molecules that facilitate immune cell recruitment and activation. Additionally, α-granules contribute to antimicrobial defense by containing microbicidal proteins and complement components. They also support angiogenesis by releasing growth factors such as VEGF and PDGF, and they play a role in wound healing by promoting tissue regeneration. In malignancy, α-granules may contribute to tumor stability and metastasis by providing factors that support tumor growth and angiogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of α-granules is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for various diseases.α-Granules are essential for normal platelet function and are derived from both regulated secretory and endocytic pathways in megakaryocytes. These granules contain a wide variety of bioactive proteins that are released upon platelet activation, contributing to processes such as hemostasis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, antimicrobial defense, wound healing, angiogenesis, and malignancy. α-Granules are formed in megakaryocytes and then transported to platelets, where they undergo further maturation through endocytosis. The formation and trafficking of α-granules involve complex molecular mechanisms, including vesicle trafficking, SNARE proteins, and various GTPases. Defects in α-granule formation can lead to inherited disorders such as Gray Platelet Syndrome, characterized by reduced α-granules and bleeding diathesis. α-Granules also play a role in coagulation by secreting proteins like fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, which are essential for platelet-platelet and platelet-endothelial interactions. Inflammation is also influenced by α-granules, as they release chemokines and adhesion molecules that facilitate immune cell recruitment and activation. Additionally, α-granules contribute to antimicrobial defense by containing microbicidal proteins and complement components. They also support angiogenesis by releasing growth factors such as VEGF and PDGF, and they play a role in wound healing by promoting tissue regeneration. In malignancy, α-granules may contribute to tumor stability and metastasis by providing factors that support tumor growth and angiogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of α-granules is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for various diseases.