The article reviews the recent progress in the field of polaritons in two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, highlighting their unique properties and potential applications. It discusses the enhanced light-matter interactions observed in 2D materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In graphene, electrically tunable and highly confined plasmon-polaritons have been observed, opening up opportunities for optoelectronics and bio-sensing. In hBN, low-loss infrared-active phonon-polaritons exhibit hyperbolic behavior, allowing for high-quality factor and hyperlensing effects. In TMDs, reduced screening leads to optically prominent excitons with large binding energies. The review also covers the experimental techniques used to study these polaritons, including scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), and provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of polaritonic modes, their optical spectral properties, and figures of merit. Additionally, it explores the potential applications of 2D material polaritons, such as in nanophotonics, optoelectronics, and imaging, and discusses the challenges and future directions in the field.The article reviews the recent progress in the field of polaritons in two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, highlighting their unique properties and potential applications. It discusses the enhanced light-matter interactions observed in 2D materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In graphene, electrically tunable and highly confined plasmon-polaritons have been observed, opening up opportunities for optoelectronics and bio-sensing. In hBN, low-loss infrared-active phonon-polaritons exhibit hyperbolic behavior, allowing for high-quality factor and hyperlensing effects. In TMDs, reduced screening leads to optically prominent excitons with large binding energies. The review also covers the experimental techniques used to study these polaritons, including scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), and provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of polaritonic modes, their optical spectral properties, and figures of merit. Additionally, it explores the potential applications of 2D material polaritons, such as in nanophotonics, optoelectronics, and imaging, and discusses the challenges and future directions in the field.