Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a key enzyme involved in DNA repair, energy metabolism, and inflammation. PARP1, the main isoform, plays a critical role in DNA repair, cellular energy homeostasis, and the regulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression. PARP inhibitors have shown therapeutic potential in various diseases by enhancing the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents, reducing cell necrosis, and modulating inflammatory pathways. PARP inhibition can also prevent excessive PARP activation, which depletes NAD⁺ and ATP, leading to cell death. PARP inhibitors have been shown to be effective in treating conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and inflammatory diseases by reducing PAR accumulation and inflammation. PARP is also involved in apoptosis and necrosis, with PARP inhibition preventing necrosis in certain conditions while promoting apoptosis in others. PARP inhibitors have been shown to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer drugs such as temozolomide and camptothecin by inhibiting DNA repair and promoting apoptosis. PARP inhibitors are also being explored for their potential in treating cancer by targeting cells deficient in homologous recombination. Overall, PARP inhibitors have shown promise in various therapeutic applications due to their ability to modulate DNA repair, energy metabolism, and inflammatory pathways.Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a key enzyme involved in DNA repair, energy metabolism, and inflammation. PARP1, the main isoform, plays a critical role in DNA repair, cellular energy homeostasis, and the regulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression. PARP inhibitors have shown therapeutic potential in various diseases by enhancing the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents, reducing cell necrosis, and modulating inflammatory pathways. PARP inhibition can also prevent excessive PARP activation, which depletes NAD⁺ and ATP, leading to cell death. PARP inhibitors have been shown to be effective in treating conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and inflammatory diseases by reducing PAR accumulation and inflammation. PARP is also involved in apoptosis and necrosis, with PARP inhibition preventing necrosis in certain conditions while promoting apoptosis in others. PARP inhibitors have been shown to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer drugs such as temozolomide and camptothecin by inhibiting DNA repair and promoting apoptosis. PARP inhibitors are also being explored for their potential in treating cancer by targeting cells deficient in homologous recombination. Overall, PARP inhibitors have shown promise in various therapeutic applications due to their ability to modulate DNA repair, energy metabolism, and inflammatory pathways.