Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in orthopedic applications, such as bone cement, bone fillers, and bone substitutes, due to its affordability, biocompatibility, and processability. However, PMMA's lack of bioactivity, poor osseointegration, and non-degradability limit its effectiveness in bone regeneration. The high exothermic temperature during PMMA polymerization and the release of methyl methacrylate (MMA) can cause thermal necrosis and adverse effects. To address these issues, researchers have explored various strategies, including surface modification techniques and the incorporation of bioactive agents and biopolymers into PMMA. This review discusses the physicochemical properties and synthesis methods of PMMA, focusing on its utilization in bone tissue engineering. It highlights the challenges involved in integrating PMMA into regenerative medicine and presents relevant research findings to provide insights and guidance for its successful clinical applications. The review also covers the biomedical applications of PMMA, including bone cement, scaffolds, and nanofibers, and discusses the potential of PMMA in bone tissue engineering. Despite its limitations, PMMA remains a valuable material in orthopedic and dental applications, and further research is needed to enhance its performance in bone tissue engineering.Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in orthopedic applications, such as bone cement, bone fillers, and bone substitutes, due to its affordability, biocompatibility, and processability. However, PMMA's lack of bioactivity, poor osseointegration, and non-degradability limit its effectiveness in bone regeneration. The high exothermic temperature during PMMA polymerization and the release of methyl methacrylate (MMA) can cause thermal necrosis and adverse effects. To address these issues, researchers have explored various strategies, including surface modification techniques and the incorporation of bioactive agents and biopolymers into PMMA. This review discusses the physicochemical properties and synthesis methods of PMMA, focusing on its utilization in bone tissue engineering. It highlights the challenges involved in integrating PMMA into regenerative medicine and presents relevant research findings to provide insights and guidance for its successful clinical applications. The review also covers the biomedical applications of PMMA, including bone cement, scaffolds, and nanofibers, and discusses the potential of PMMA in bone tissue engineering. Despite its limitations, PMMA remains a valuable material in orthopedic and dental applications, and further research is needed to enhance its performance in bone tissue engineering.