This review discusses the design of polymeric binders for sustainable lithium-ion battery (LIB) chemistry, emphasizing their critical role in achieving high performance and longevity. Binders are essential for maintaining electrode integrity, ensuring electrochemical, thermal, and dispersion stability, and improving compatibility with electrolytes and solvents. For anodes, binders must provide robust mechanical properties and elasticity to withstand significant volume changes, while for cathodes, the binder selection depends on the cathode's crystal structure. Key considerations include cost-effectiveness, adhesion, processability, and environmental friendliness. Low-cost, eco-friendly, and biodegradable polymers are increasingly being explored to support sustainable battery development. The review highlights the importance of polymer binders in thick cathodes and composite anodes, where they help suppress volume expansion and form stable solid-electrolyte interfaces (SEI). It also discusses the design of new polymer binders to promote sustainable LIB chemistry, focusing on their ability to maintain stable electrode structures over prolonged cycles and facilitate charge carrier movement. Water-soluble and solvent-free binders are being developed to reduce the use of toxic organic solvents, improving environmental sustainability. The essential properties of binders include thermal stability, electrochemical stability, chemical stability, and dispersion stability. Thermal stability is crucial for withstanding high temperatures during battery operation, while electrochemical stability ensures the binder does not degrade under charge/discharge conditions. Chemical stability prevents corrosion or decomposition under battery operating conditions, and dispersion stability ensures uniform distribution of active materials and conductive additives in the electrode slurry. Mechanical properties such as adhesion, tensile strength, flexibility, and elasticity are also vital for binder performance. High adhesion ensures robust contact between electrode components, while tensile strength and flexibility help mitigate structural damage during volume changes. Elasticity and flexibility are particularly important for maintaining electrode stability during battery operation. Ionic conductivity is another critical factor, as it influences the electrochemical performance of the battery. Binders with high ionic conductivity can enhance battery cycling performance, especially for materials with low ionic and electronic conductivity. Strategies such as lowering the glass transition temperature or crystallinity can improve ionic conductivity. The review also discusses typical binders used in anodes and cathodes, including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and carboxymethyl cellulose/styrene butadiene rubber (CMC/SBR). Each binder has its advantages and limitations, and ongoing research aims to develop more sustainable and high-performance binders for LIBs. The selection of appropriate binders is crucial for achieving stable cycling performance, high capacity retention, and environmental sustainability in next-generation batteries.This review discusses the design of polymeric binders for sustainable lithium-ion battery (LIB) chemistry, emphasizing their critical role in achieving high performance and longevity. Binders are essential for maintaining electrode integrity, ensuring electrochemical, thermal, and dispersion stability, and improving compatibility with electrolytes and solvents. For anodes, binders must provide robust mechanical properties and elasticity to withstand significant volume changes, while for cathodes, the binder selection depends on the cathode's crystal structure. Key considerations include cost-effectiveness, adhesion, processability, and environmental friendliness. Low-cost, eco-friendly, and biodegradable polymers are increasingly being explored to support sustainable battery development. The review highlights the importance of polymer binders in thick cathodes and composite anodes, where they help suppress volume expansion and form stable solid-electrolyte interfaces (SEI). It also discusses the design of new polymer binders to promote sustainable LIB chemistry, focusing on their ability to maintain stable electrode structures over prolonged cycles and facilitate charge carrier movement. Water-soluble and solvent-free binders are being developed to reduce the use of toxic organic solvents, improving environmental sustainability. The essential properties of binders include thermal stability, electrochemical stability, chemical stability, and dispersion stability. Thermal stability is crucial for withstanding high temperatures during battery operation, while electrochemical stability ensures the binder does not degrade under charge/discharge conditions. Chemical stability prevents corrosion or decomposition under battery operating conditions, and dispersion stability ensures uniform distribution of active materials and conductive additives in the electrode slurry. Mechanical properties such as adhesion, tensile strength, flexibility, and elasticity are also vital for binder performance. High adhesion ensures robust contact between electrode components, while tensile strength and flexibility help mitigate structural damage during volume changes. Elasticity and flexibility are particularly important for maintaining electrode stability during battery operation. Ionic conductivity is another critical factor, as it influences the electrochemical performance of the battery. Binders with high ionic conductivity can enhance battery cycling performance, especially for materials with low ionic and electronic conductivity. Strategies such as lowering the glass transition temperature or crystallinity can improve ionic conductivity. The review also discusses typical binders used in anodes and cathodes, including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and carboxymethyl cellulose/styrene butadiene rubber (CMC/SBR). Each binder has its advantages and limitations, and ongoing research aims to develop more sustainable and high-performance binders for LIBs. The selection of appropriate binders is crucial for achieving stable cycling performance, high capacity retention, and environmental sustainability in next-generation batteries.