A 2015 Zika virus outbreak in northeastern Brazil was linked to an increase in microcephaly cases. By September 2015, reports of a rise in infants born with microcephaly in affected areas began to emerge. Zika virus RNA was found in the amniotic fluid of two women whose fetuses had microcephaly. The Brazilian Ministry of Health established a task force and registry to investigate the possible association between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and microcephaly. Among 35 infants with microcephaly, 71% had severe microcephaly, and 49% had at least one neurologic abnormality. All 35 infants had cerebrospinal fluid tested for Zika virus, but results were not available. Other congenital infections were ruled out. The study suggests a possible link between Zika virus infection and microcephaly, but further research is needed to confirm this association. Pregnant women in affected areas should take precautions to avoid mosquito bites. The report highlights the need for increased surveillance and case reporting. The findings suggest that the sudden increase in microcephaly cases may be linked to the Zika virus outbreak. The study also notes limitations, including potential under-ascertainment of microcephaly cases and recall bias in reporting. The report emphasizes the importance of continued research and public health measures to address the potential impact of Zika virus on pregnancy outcomes. The findings suggest that Zika virus infection during pregnancy may lead to severe neurological abnormalities in infants. The study also notes that other features of intrauterine infections, such as hepatosplenomegaly, rash, and chorioretinitis, were not evaluated. As of January 2016, Zika virus had been confirmed in 19 countries in the Americas outside Brazil. The report concludes that further studies are needed to confirm the association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly.A 2015 Zika virus outbreak in northeastern Brazil was linked to an increase in microcephaly cases. By September 2015, reports of a rise in infants born with microcephaly in affected areas began to emerge. Zika virus RNA was found in the amniotic fluid of two women whose fetuses had microcephaly. The Brazilian Ministry of Health established a task force and registry to investigate the possible association between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and microcephaly. Among 35 infants with microcephaly, 71% had severe microcephaly, and 49% had at least one neurologic abnormality. All 35 infants had cerebrospinal fluid tested for Zika virus, but results were not available. Other congenital infections were ruled out. The study suggests a possible link between Zika virus infection and microcephaly, but further research is needed to confirm this association. Pregnant women in affected areas should take precautions to avoid mosquito bites. The report highlights the need for increased surveillance and case reporting. The findings suggest that the sudden increase in microcephaly cases may be linked to the Zika virus outbreak. The study also notes limitations, including potential under-ascertainment of microcephaly cases and recall bias in reporting. The report emphasizes the importance of continued research and public health measures to address the potential impact of Zika virus on pregnancy outcomes. The findings suggest that Zika virus infection during pregnancy may lead to severe neurological abnormalities in infants. The study also notes that other features of intrauterine infections, such as hepatosplenomegaly, rash, and chorioretinitis, were not evaluated. As of January 2016, Zika virus had been confirmed in 19 countries in the Americas outside Brazil. The report concludes that further studies are needed to confirm the association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly.