Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is effective for long-term weight loss in obese individuals, but weight regain (WR) and insufficient weight loss (IWL) are common challenges. GLP-1 levels, a gut hormone involved in appetite regulation and weight loss, play a key role in post-surgery outcomes. Postprandial GLP-1 levels increase after MBS procedures like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), but fasting GLP-1 levels remain low. Higher postprandial GLP-1 levels are associated with better weight loss, while lower levels may contribute to WR or IWL. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) have shown promise in improving weight loss in patients who regain weight after MBS. Studies indicate that GLP-1-RA therapy can enhance weight loss by increasing basal and postprandial GLP-1 levels, potentially counteracting metabolic adaptation that occurs after surgery. GLP-1-RA use is well-tolerated and may be an effective adjunct to lifestyle changes for managing weight regain after MBS. Research suggests that maintaining higher GLP-1 levels through GLP-1-RA therapy could be a promising treatment for individuals who fail to lose weight after MBS. Further studies are needed to clarify the long-term effects of GLP-1-RA on metabolic adaptation and weight maintenance after MBS.Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is effective for long-term weight loss in obese individuals, but weight regain (WR) and insufficient weight loss (IWL) are common challenges. GLP-1 levels, a gut hormone involved in appetite regulation and weight loss, play a key role in post-surgery outcomes. Postprandial GLP-1 levels increase after MBS procedures like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), but fasting GLP-1 levels remain low. Higher postprandial GLP-1 levels are associated with better weight loss, while lower levels may contribute to WR or IWL. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) have shown promise in improving weight loss in patients who regain weight after MBS. Studies indicate that GLP-1-RA therapy can enhance weight loss by increasing basal and postprandial GLP-1 levels, potentially counteracting metabolic adaptation that occurs after surgery. GLP-1-RA use is well-tolerated and may be an effective adjunct to lifestyle changes for managing weight regain after MBS. Research suggests that maintaining higher GLP-1 levels through GLP-1-RA therapy could be a promising treatment for individuals who fail to lose weight after MBS. Further studies are needed to clarify the long-term effects of GLP-1-RA on metabolic adaptation and weight maintenance after MBS.