The paper by Frederick D. Provenza explores the role of post-ingestive feedback in determining food preference and intake in ruminants. Provenza, a professor at Utah State University, argues that ruminants do not directly taste or smell nutrients or toxins but instead rely on neural interactions between taste, smell, and visceral sensations to sense the consequences of food ingestion. These interactions influence food selection and intake, leading to satiety or malaise. The paper discusses four models of food selection: euphagia (innate ability to taste and smell nutrients and toxins), hedyphagia (selection based on immediate sensory pleasure), body morphophysiology and size, and learning through foraging consequences. Evidence from various studies supports the importance of post-ingestive feedback in shaping food preferences and intake, particularly in response to excesses and deficits of toxins, energy, and nutrients. The paper also highlights the role of learning, particularly from mother to offspring, in transmitting nutritional wisdom. Overall, the paper emphasizes the complex interplay between sensory inputs and visceral sensations in driving ruminant dietary choices and the importance of these mechanisms in maintaining nutritional balance and avoiding toxicosis.The paper by Frederick D. Provenza explores the role of post-ingestive feedback in determining food preference and intake in ruminants. Provenza, a professor at Utah State University, argues that ruminants do not directly taste or smell nutrients or toxins but instead rely on neural interactions between taste, smell, and visceral sensations to sense the consequences of food ingestion. These interactions influence food selection and intake, leading to satiety or malaise. The paper discusses four models of food selection: euphagia (innate ability to taste and smell nutrients and toxins), hedyphagia (selection based on immediate sensory pleasure), body morphophysiology and size, and learning through foraging consequences. Evidence from various studies supports the importance of post-ingestive feedback in shaping food preferences and intake, particularly in response to excesses and deficits of toxins, energy, and nutrients. The paper also highlights the role of learning, particularly from mother to offspring, in transmitting nutritional wisdom. Overall, the paper emphasizes the complex interplay between sensory inputs and visceral sensations in driving ruminant dietary choices and the importance of these mechanisms in maintaining nutritional balance and avoiding toxicosis.