This article discusses the role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior. It describes experiments in rats where electrical stimulation of the hippocampus, but not the medial forebrain bundle, elicited cocaine-seeking behavior dependent on glutamate in the ventral tegmental area. These findings suggest that glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a role in relapse to cocaine abuse. The study also highlights a dissociation between neural systems that support positive reinforcement (self-stimulation) and incentive motivation (relapse). The research was conducted using electrical brain stimulation and intracranial injection of pharmacological compounds after extinction of cocaine self-administration behavior in rats. The study was supported by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Mental Health. The article also includes references to related studies and provides a list of cited articles.This article discusses the role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior. It describes experiments in rats where electrical stimulation of the hippocampus, but not the medial forebrain bundle, elicited cocaine-seeking behavior dependent on glutamate in the ventral tegmental area. These findings suggest that glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a role in relapse to cocaine abuse. The study also highlights a dissociation between neural systems that support positive reinforcement (self-stimulation) and incentive motivation (relapse). The research was conducted using electrical brain stimulation and intracranial injection of pharmacological compounds after extinction of cocaine self-administration behavior in rats. The study was supported by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Mental Health. The article also includes references to related studies and provides a list of cited articles.