The editorial by Lanfranco D’Elia from the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery at “Federico II” University of Naples, discusses the importance of potassium intake in human health, particularly in relation to cardiovascular diseases. Potassium, a monovalent cation found in nature, is primarily obtained from fruits and vegetables and plays a crucial role in regulating cellular membrane potential and nerve and muscle activities. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between potassium intake and blood pressure, with a favorable effect on cardiovascular health. International guidelines recommend high dietary potassium intake for preventing and managing cardiovascular risk, though there is no consensus on the optimal intake threshold. This Special Issue focuses on new evidence and systematic reviews of the relationship between potassium intake and human health, emphasizing its impact on cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and endothelial function. Meta-analyses included in the issue show that habitual dietary potassium intake is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, with optimal levels between 3000 and 5000 mg per day. Potassium supplementation has also been found to improve endothelial function, with higher intakes leading to greater vasodilation. The issue also explores the assessment of dietary potassium intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), highlighting the challenges posed by RAAS inhibitor therapy. Machine learning models are proposed to estimate potassium intake in CKD patients, offering a more accurate and user-friendly approach compared to traditional methods. Additionally, machine learning models are used to predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with hyperkalemia, providing valuable tools for real-world risk assessments. In conclusion, the Special Issue underscores the benefits of higher potassium intake for cardiovascular health and the need for further research to determine appropriate intake thresholds. Despite the compelling evidence, average potassium intake remains below recommended levels in many countries, and interventions such as potassium-enriched salt substitutes and potassium supplementation are suggested to increase intake. Further studies are needed to confirm the long-term effects of dietary potassium and to explore its impact on non-cardiovascular diseases.The editorial by Lanfranco D’Elia from the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery at “Federico II” University of Naples, discusses the importance of potassium intake in human health, particularly in relation to cardiovascular diseases. Potassium, a monovalent cation found in nature, is primarily obtained from fruits and vegetables and plays a crucial role in regulating cellular membrane potential and nerve and muscle activities. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between potassium intake and blood pressure, with a favorable effect on cardiovascular health. International guidelines recommend high dietary potassium intake for preventing and managing cardiovascular risk, though there is no consensus on the optimal intake threshold. This Special Issue focuses on new evidence and systematic reviews of the relationship between potassium intake and human health, emphasizing its impact on cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and endothelial function. Meta-analyses included in the issue show that habitual dietary potassium intake is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, with optimal levels between 3000 and 5000 mg per day. Potassium supplementation has also been found to improve endothelial function, with higher intakes leading to greater vasodilation. The issue also explores the assessment of dietary potassium intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), highlighting the challenges posed by RAAS inhibitor therapy. Machine learning models are proposed to estimate potassium intake in CKD patients, offering a more accurate and user-friendly approach compared to traditional methods. Additionally, machine learning models are used to predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with hyperkalemia, providing valuable tools for real-world risk assessments. In conclusion, the Special Issue underscores the benefits of higher potassium intake for cardiovascular health and the need for further research to determine appropriate intake thresholds. Despite the compelling evidence, average potassium intake remains below recommended levels in many countries, and interventions such as potassium-enriched salt substitutes and potassium supplementation are suggested to increase intake. Further studies are needed to confirm the long-term effects of dietary potassium and to explore its impact on non-cardiovascular diseases.