This study assesses the environmental impacts of a hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Quaid-Azam International Hospital (QIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan, using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The WWTP's construction and operational phases were evaluated, focusing on energy mix, chemical and biological toxic compounds, and their potential impacts on human health and the environment. The main identified impacts were marine ecotoxicity (34%), human carcinogenic toxicity (31%), freshwater toxicity (18%), terrestrial ecotoxicity (7%), and human non-carcinogenic toxicity (4%). The endpoint analysis revealed that human health damage, primarily due to fine particulate matter formation (51%), and global warming and human health (43%) were the most significant impacts. Ecosystem damage was dominated by global warming and terrestrial ecosystems (61%), followed by terrestrial acidification (24%), ozone formation (10%), water consumption (5%), and freshwater eutrophication (1%). The study highlights the need for increased awareness among hospital management boards and the implementation of similar studies to improve decision-making processes and mitigate environmental impacts in developing countries. It also emphasizes the importance of overcoming data availability constraints and optimizing treatment plant efficiency through circular economy options, such as sludge management.This study assesses the environmental impacts of a hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Quaid-Azam International Hospital (QIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan, using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The WWTP's construction and operational phases were evaluated, focusing on energy mix, chemical and biological toxic compounds, and their potential impacts on human health and the environment. The main identified impacts were marine ecotoxicity (34%), human carcinogenic toxicity (31%), freshwater toxicity (18%), terrestrial ecotoxicity (7%), and human non-carcinogenic toxicity (4%). The endpoint analysis revealed that human health damage, primarily due to fine particulate matter formation (51%), and global warming and human health (43%) were the most significant impacts. Ecosystem damage was dominated by global warming and terrestrial ecosystems (61%), followed by terrestrial acidification (24%), ozone formation (10%), water consumption (5%), and freshwater eutrophication (1%). The study highlights the need for increased awareness among hospital management boards and the implementation of similar studies to improve decision-making processes and mitigate environmental impacts in developing countries. It also emphasizes the importance of overcoming data availability constraints and optimizing treatment plant efficiency through circular economy options, such as sludge management.