This study assesses the potential environmental impacts of a hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in a developing country, focusing on Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital (QIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan. The assessment was conducted using a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) approach, considering both the construction and operational phases of the plant. The primary data collected included energy consumption, water usage, and the types of chemicals used in the treatment process. The study identified the energy mix used in the plant as the main contributor to environmental impacts, with marine ecotoxicity being the most significant category (34% of total impacts), followed by human carcinogenic toxicity (31%), freshwater toxicity (18%), terrestrial ecotoxicity (7%), and human non-carcinogenic toxicity (4%). From an endpoint perspective, the main contributors to human health impacts were "fine PM formation" (51%) and "global warming and human health" (43%), while for ecosystem damage, "global warming and terrestrial ecosystems" was the most significant (61%). The study highlights the importance of energy efficiency and the need for sustainable practices in wastewater treatment, particularly in developing countries where infrastructure and resources are limited. It also emphasizes the need for better data collection and the implementation of circular economy principles, such as sludge management, to reduce environmental impacts. The findings suggest that improving the energy mix and adopting more efficient treatment technologies could significantly reduce the environmental footprint of hospital WWTPs. The study underscores the importance of integrating environmental considerations into the planning and management of wastewater treatment facilities, especially in regions with limited resources and infrastructure. The results provide a framework for future research and policy development aimed at improving the sustainability of wastewater treatment in developing countries.This study assesses the potential environmental impacts of a hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in a developing country, focusing on Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital (QIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan. The assessment was conducted using a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) approach, considering both the construction and operational phases of the plant. The primary data collected included energy consumption, water usage, and the types of chemicals used in the treatment process. The study identified the energy mix used in the plant as the main contributor to environmental impacts, with marine ecotoxicity being the most significant category (34% of total impacts), followed by human carcinogenic toxicity (31%), freshwater toxicity (18%), terrestrial ecotoxicity (7%), and human non-carcinogenic toxicity (4%). From an endpoint perspective, the main contributors to human health impacts were "fine PM formation" (51%) and "global warming and human health" (43%), while for ecosystem damage, "global warming and terrestrial ecosystems" was the most significant (61%). The study highlights the importance of energy efficiency and the need for sustainable practices in wastewater treatment, particularly in developing countries where infrastructure and resources are limited. It also emphasizes the need for better data collection and the implementation of circular economy principles, such as sludge management, to reduce environmental impacts. The findings suggest that improving the energy mix and adopting more efficient treatment technologies could significantly reduce the environmental footprint of hospital WWTPs. The study underscores the importance of integrating environmental considerations into the planning and management of wastewater treatment facilities, especially in regions with limited resources and infrastructure. The results provide a framework for future research and policy development aimed at improving the sustainability of wastewater treatment in developing countries.