This review discusses the potential use of antioxidants in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, is involved in the pathophysiology of various chronic inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. ROS are produced in mitochondria and other cellular compartments, and their overproduction can lead to oxidative damage, cell apoptosis, and chronic inflammation. Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, carotenoids, and polyphenols, can neutralize ROS and reduce oxidative stress, thereby mitigating the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. The review highlights the role of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, in maintaining redox homeostasis. Natural and synthetic antioxidants are explored as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. While some antioxidant trials have shown limited efficacy, targeting oxidative stress remains a promising therapeutic approach. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanisms of action of antioxidants and their potential to develop novel anti-inflammatory drugs with improved safety profiles. The role of antioxidants in modulating inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB pathway, is also discussed. Overall, antioxidants may offer a valuable strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.This review discusses the potential use of antioxidants in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, is involved in the pathophysiology of various chronic inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. ROS are produced in mitochondria and other cellular compartments, and their overproduction can lead to oxidative damage, cell apoptosis, and chronic inflammation. Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, carotenoids, and polyphenols, can neutralize ROS and reduce oxidative stress, thereby mitigating the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. The review highlights the role of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, in maintaining redox homeostasis. Natural and synthetic antioxidants are explored as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. While some antioxidant trials have shown limited efficacy, targeting oxidative stress remains a promising therapeutic approach. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanisms of action of antioxidants and their potential to develop novel anti-inflammatory drugs with improved safety profiles. The role of antioxidants in modulating inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB pathway, is also discussed. Overall, antioxidants may offer a valuable strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.