This paper investigates the impact of partial shading conditions on power generation in photovoltaic (PV) arrays and proposes different array configurations to mitigate these effects. The authors simulate and experimentally analyze a 4 × 4 PV array under various partial shading conditions using MATLAB Simulink and physical setups. The study focuses on reducing mismatch losses and enhancing power output by optimizing the array configuration. Different configurations, such as series-parallel, bridge link, total cross-tied, and honeycomb connections, are evaluated. The proposed configuration, which is a modified TCT (Total Cross-Tied) configuration, is shown to provide the lowest mismatch losses and power losses under various shading patterns. The results indicate that the TCT configuration significantly improves power extraction, making it suitable for large m × n PV arrays. The study concludes that the TCT configuration is the most effective for maximizing power output under partial shading conditions.This paper investigates the impact of partial shading conditions on power generation in photovoltaic (PV) arrays and proposes different array configurations to mitigate these effects. The authors simulate and experimentally analyze a 4 × 4 PV array under various partial shading conditions using MATLAB Simulink and physical setups. The study focuses on reducing mismatch losses and enhancing power output by optimizing the array configuration. Different configurations, such as series-parallel, bridge link, total cross-tied, and honeycomb connections, are evaluated. The proposed configuration, which is a modified TCT (Total Cross-Tied) configuration, is shown to provide the lowest mismatch losses and power losses under various shading patterns. The results indicate that the TCT configuration significantly improves power extraction, making it suitable for large m × n PV arrays. The study concludes that the TCT configuration is the most effective for maximizing power output under partial shading conditions.