This review explores the role of prebiotics and probiotics in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, highlighting their potential benefits and addressing safety concerns. Prebiotics are non-digestible, fermentable food components that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, while probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that can alter the gut microbiome. The review discusses the mechanisms by which these agents modulate the gut microbiome, including the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolites that influence immune and nervous system functions, intestinal barrier function, and nutrient absorption. The review examines the impact of prebiotics and probiotics on various GI conditions, such as diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and *Helicobacter pylori* infection. For diarrhea, probiotics like *Saccharomyces boulardii* and *Lactobacillus* strains have shown effectiveness in reducing duration and severity. In constipation, prebiotics like inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have been effective in improving symptoms. For IBS, probiotics, particularly multi-strain formulations, have shown promise in alleviating symptoms, but more research is needed to optimize strain selection and dosage. Prebiotics and probiotics have also demonstrated potential in treating SIBO and IBD, though evidence is limited. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for high-quality, large-scale clinical trials to further validate the use of prebiotics and probiotics in GI disorders, particularly in combination with other treatments.This review explores the role of prebiotics and probiotics in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, highlighting their potential benefits and addressing safety concerns. Prebiotics are non-digestible, fermentable food components that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, while probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that can alter the gut microbiome. The review discusses the mechanisms by which these agents modulate the gut microbiome, including the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolites that influence immune and nervous system functions, intestinal barrier function, and nutrient absorption. The review examines the impact of prebiotics and probiotics on various GI conditions, such as diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and *Helicobacter pylori* infection. For diarrhea, probiotics like *Saccharomyces boulardii* and *Lactobacillus* strains have shown effectiveness in reducing duration and severity. In constipation, prebiotics like inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have been effective in improving symptoms. For IBS, probiotics, particularly multi-strain formulations, have shown promise in alleviating symptoms, but more research is needed to optimize strain selection and dosage. Prebiotics and probiotics have also demonstrated potential in treating SIBO and IBD, though evidence is limited. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for high-quality, large-scale clinical trials to further validate the use of prebiotics and probiotics in GI disorders, particularly in combination with other treatments.