This study explores the production of flash graphene (AC-FG) from anthracite coal using the flash Joule heating (FJH) method. The research demonstrates that AC-FG can be synthesized by precisely controlling system parameters, particularly pulse voltage. The FJH process does not require a catalyst and produces a material characterized by Raman, XRD, XPS, TG, SEM, TEM, and XPS techniques. Results show that the degree of graphitization reaches its peak at 190 V. From an energy perspective, FJH provides a straightforward and cost-effective method for graphene production, offering a significant avenue for efficient coal resource utilization and cost-effective graphene application. The study involves preparing coal-based graphene using the FJH method, which generates high temperatures exceeding 3000 K on a millisecond scale, facilitating coal-based graphene synthesis. The process involves preprocessing the coal to remove inorganic minerals, followed by FJH treatment with varying pulse voltages. The results show that the optimal flash voltage for producing AC-FG is 190 V, leading to a graphene yield of 44%. The material exhibits a well-defined 2D graphene structure, with a high degree of order and minimal defects. The study also highlights the high thermal stability of AC-FG, which is attributed to its high crystallinity and low defects. The results indicate that the FJH method is a rapid, simple, cost-effective, and scalable process for producing coal-based graphene. This approach can transform low-cost coal into high-value graphene materials, offering economic advantages and product benefits. The study provides a significant reference for the efficient utilization of coal resources and the development of graphene-based materials.This study explores the production of flash graphene (AC-FG) from anthracite coal using the flash Joule heating (FJH) method. The research demonstrates that AC-FG can be synthesized by precisely controlling system parameters, particularly pulse voltage. The FJH process does not require a catalyst and produces a material characterized by Raman, XRD, XPS, TG, SEM, TEM, and XPS techniques. Results show that the degree of graphitization reaches its peak at 190 V. From an energy perspective, FJH provides a straightforward and cost-effective method for graphene production, offering a significant avenue for efficient coal resource utilization and cost-effective graphene application. The study involves preparing coal-based graphene using the FJH method, which generates high temperatures exceeding 3000 K on a millisecond scale, facilitating coal-based graphene synthesis. The process involves preprocessing the coal to remove inorganic minerals, followed by FJH treatment with varying pulse voltages. The results show that the optimal flash voltage for producing AC-FG is 190 V, leading to a graphene yield of 44%. The material exhibits a well-defined 2D graphene structure, with a high degree of order and minimal defects. The study also highlights the high thermal stability of AC-FG, which is attributed to its high crystallinity and low defects. The results indicate that the FJH method is a rapid, simple, cost-effective, and scalable process for producing coal-based graphene. This approach can transform low-cost coal into high-value graphene materials, offering economic advantages and product benefits. The study provides a significant reference for the efficient utilization of coal resources and the development of graphene-based materials.