This study investigates the presence of an inducible HIV-1 latent reservoir in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The researchers isolated resting CD4+ T cells from 13 HIV-1-infected patients and found that these cells carried integrated proviral DNA, which was capable of producing infectious virus upon activation in vitro. The frequency of integrated HIV-1 DNA was similar in patients with undetectable plasma viremia and those with detectable viremia. Additionally, the presence of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA in resting CD4+ T cells suggests ongoing viral replication despite undetectable plasma viremia. The study also identified syncytium-inducing virus in some patients, indicating the potential for highly cytopathic virus production. These findings highlight the persistence of HIV-1 infection in latently infected CD4+ T cells and the need for more potent antiretroviral drugs and strategies to eliminate these reservoirs.This study investigates the presence of an inducible HIV-1 latent reservoir in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The researchers isolated resting CD4+ T cells from 13 HIV-1-infected patients and found that these cells carried integrated proviral DNA, which was capable of producing infectious virus upon activation in vitro. The frequency of integrated HIV-1 DNA was similar in patients with undetectable plasma viremia and those with detectable viremia. Additionally, the presence of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA in resting CD4+ T cells suggests ongoing viral replication despite undetectable plasma viremia. The study also identified syncytium-inducing virus in some patients, indicating the potential for highly cytopathic virus production. These findings highlight the persistence of HIV-1 infection in latently infected CD4+ T cells and the need for more potent antiretroviral drugs and strategies to eliminate these reservoirs.