Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that involves the implantation of electrodes into the brain to deliver electrical impulses, which can regulate abnormal neural activity. DBS has shown significant therapeutic effectiveness in treating conditions such as essential tremor, dystonia, and Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent advancements in DBS technology have led to improvements in device design, including the integration of extension wires, pulse generators, and intracranial electrodes. These components have been adapted from the field of cardiology. The current paradigm of DBS is expected to undergo significant changes due to recent technological and imaging advancements, as well as a better understanding of brain diseases. Future advancements in DBS may be attributed to progress in battery and electrode design, stimulation systems, on-demand and closed-loop stimulation, and sensor technologies. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the historical and projected trajectory of DBS technology. By reviewing the progress of DBS, we can enhance our understanding of our current position and proactively forecast future challenges and opportunities. DBS has been investigated for various treatment-resistant conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. It has also received FDA approval for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The minimally invasive nature of DBS and its low incidence of severe side effects have prompted research into its potential use for other medical conditions, such as sleep disorders, arterial hypertension, and tinnitus. Chronic stimulation leads to neuroplastic, molecular, and cellular changes, as well as direct impacts on brain circuits. The understanding of DBS's mechanism of action continues to advance, leading to a better understanding of the long-term effects of stimulation on the neurological system. Since the beginning of DBS's modern era in the 1980s, there have been no significant advancements in DBS technology for over two decades. However, the proliferation of manufacturers has led to rapid advancements in the field. In the future, there is expected to be the emergence of innovative hardware designs, advanced technologies, and updated stimulation algorithms. The clinical and scientific applications of DBS are expected to expand as the technology continues to advance, potentially offering many benefits. These advancements are expected to enhance the market's receptiveness towards DBS and improve the accessibility of therapy for patients in need, particularly those in low-income nations. However, advancements in electronics and computers may raise new concerns, including the possibility of regulating cognitive and decision-making processes, as well as the potential for data exploitation and brainjacking. The article also discusses the present and future of DBS, the advancements in IPG design and electrodes, the advancements in stimulation techniques, closed-loop systems and adaptive DBS, DBS stimulation modeling and imaging. The study highlights the importance of precise electrode localization for accurate targeting and therapeutic outcomes. The use of neuroimaging techniques has enabled the precise alignment of patients' brain images with standardized brain templates, facilitating the accurate localization of DBS electrodes and the estimation of theDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that involves the implantation of electrodes into the brain to deliver electrical impulses, which can regulate abnormal neural activity. DBS has shown significant therapeutic effectiveness in treating conditions such as essential tremor, dystonia, and Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent advancements in DBS technology have led to improvements in device design, including the integration of extension wires, pulse generators, and intracranial electrodes. These components have been adapted from the field of cardiology. The current paradigm of DBS is expected to undergo significant changes due to recent technological and imaging advancements, as well as a better understanding of brain diseases. Future advancements in DBS may be attributed to progress in battery and electrode design, stimulation systems, on-demand and closed-loop stimulation, and sensor technologies. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the historical and projected trajectory of DBS technology. By reviewing the progress of DBS, we can enhance our understanding of our current position and proactively forecast future challenges and opportunities. DBS has been investigated for various treatment-resistant conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. It has also received FDA approval for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The minimally invasive nature of DBS and its low incidence of severe side effects have prompted research into its potential use for other medical conditions, such as sleep disorders, arterial hypertension, and tinnitus. Chronic stimulation leads to neuroplastic, molecular, and cellular changes, as well as direct impacts on brain circuits. The understanding of DBS's mechanism of action continues to advance, leading to a better understanding of the long-term effects of stimulation on the neurological system. Since the beginning of DBS's modern era in the 1980s, there have been no significant advancements in DBS technology for over two decades. However, the proliferation of manufacturers has led to rapid advancements in the field. In the future, there is expected to be the emergence of innovative hardware designs, advanced technologies, and updated stimulation algorithms. The clinical and scientific applications of DBS are expected to expand as the technology continues to advance, potentially offering many benefits. These advancements are expected to enhance the market's receptiveness towards DBS and improve the accessibility of therapy for patients in need, particularly those in low-income nations. However, advancements in electronics and computers may raise new concerns, including the possibility of regulating cognitive and decision-making processes, as well as the potential for data exploitation and brainjacking. The article also discusses the present and future of DBS, the advancements in IPG design and electrodes, the advancements in stimulation techniques, closed-loop systems and adaptive DBS, DBS stimulation modeling and imaging. The study highlights the importance of precise electrode localization for accurate targeting and therapeutic outcomes. The use of neuroimaging techniques has enabled the precise alignment of patients' brain images with standardized brain templates, facilitating the accurate localization of DBS electrodes and the estimation of the