Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes into specific regions of the brain to regulate neural circuits. DBS has shown significant therapeutic effectiveness in managing conditions such as essential tremor, dystonia, and Parkinson's disease (PD). Ongoing research is exploring its potential for treating additional conditions like depression and dementia. Over the past two decades, DBS devices have evolved, integrating an extension wire, pulse generator, and intracranial electrode, with advancements borrowed from cardiology. Recent breakthroughs in technology and imaging, along with a deeper understanding of brain illnesses, are expected to significantly enhance the tolerability and efficacy of DBS. Key advancements include improvements in battery and electrode design, stimulation systems, on-demand and closed-loop stimulation, and sensor technologies. The article provides a comprehensive review of the historical and projected trajectory of DBS technology, highlighting its historical context, current applications, and future prospects. It also discusses the challenges and safety concerns associated with DBS, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize treatment outcomes and patient safety.Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes into specific regions of the brain to regulate neural circuits. DBS has shown significant therapeutic effectiveness in managing conditions such as essential tremor, dystonia, and Parkinson's disease (PD). Ongoing research is exploring its potential for treating additional conditions like depression and dementia. Over the past two decades, DBS devices have evolved, integrating an extension wire, pulse generator, and intracranial electrode, with advancements borrowed from cardiology. Recent breakthroughs in technology and imaging, along with a deeper understanding of brain illnesses, are expected to significantly enhance the tolerability and efficacy of DBS. Key advancements include improvements in battery and electrode design, stimulation systems, on-demand and closed-loop stimulation, and sensor technologies. The article provides a comprehensive review of the historical and projected trajectory of DBS technology, highlighting its historical context, current applications, and future prospects. It also discusses the challenges and safety concerns associated with DBS, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize treatment outcomes and patient safety.