This comprehensive study explores various pretreatment methods to enhance the suitability of wheat straw for bioethanol production. The research focuses on mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological pretreatments, each aimed at improving enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes. Mechanical pretreatments involve reducing the size of wheat straw to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis. Physical methods, such as heating and irradiation, alter the structural properties of wheat straw. Chemical pretreatments use acids, alkalis, and organic solvents to remove lignin and hemicellulose, making cellulose more accessible for hydrolysis. Biological pretreatments utilize microorganisms and fungi to degrade lignin and other complex compounds, enhancing cellulose decomposition. The study presents data on the effectiveness of these treatments in terms of lignin removal, sugar yield, and overall bioethanol production efficiency. The research aligns with the global shift towards renewable energy sources and emphasizes the importance of utilizing agricultural waste, like wheat straw, for sustainable energy production.This comprehensive study explores various pretreatment methods to enhance the suitability of wheat straw for bioethanol production. The research focuses on mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological pretreatments, each aimed at improving enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes. Mechanical pretreatments involve reducing the size of wheat straw to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis. Physical methods, such as heating and irradiation, alter the structural properties of wheat straw. Chemical pretreatments use acids, alkalis, and organic solvents to remove lignin and hemicellulose, making cellulose more accessible for hydrolysis. Biological pretreatments utilize microorganisms and fungi to degrade lignin and other complex compounds, enhancing cellulose decomposition. The study presents data on the effectiveness of these treatments in terms of lignin removal, sugar yield, and overall bioethanol production efficiency. The research aligns with the global shift towards renewable energy sources and emphasizes the importance of utilizing agricultural waste, like wheat straw, for sustainable energy production.