This review presents a comprehensive study on pretreatment methods for wheat straw to enhance its suitability for bioethanol production. The study explores mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological pretreatments, each aimed at improving enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes necessary for bioethanol production. Mechanical and physical pretreatments reduce the size of wheat straw to improve enzymatic hydrolysis. Physical methods include heating and irradiation, which alter the structural properties of wheat straw. Chemical pretreatments use acids, alkalis, and organic solvents to remove lignin and hemicellulose, making cellulose more accessible for hydrolysis. Biological pretreatments utilize microorganisms and fungi to degrade lignin and other complex compounds, enhancing cellulose breakdown. The study provides data on the effectiveness of these treatments in terms of lignin removal, sugar yield, and overall bioethanol production efficiency. The research aligns with global efforts to promote renewable energy sources and emphasizes the importance of utilizing agricultural waste, such as wheat straw, for sustainable energy production. The study highlights the importance of pretreatment in improving the efficiency of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Various pretreatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations. The study also addresses the challenges associated with pretreatment, such as energy consumption, cost, and environmental impact. Overall, the research underscores the significance of effective pretreatment strategies in making bioethanol production commercially viable.This review presents a comprehensive study on pretreatment methods for wheat straw to enhance its suitability for bioethanol production. The study explores mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological pretreatments, each aimed at improving enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes necessary for bioethanol production. Mechanical and physical pretreatments reduce the size of wheat straw to improve enzymatic hydrolysis. Physical methods include heating and irradiation, which alter the structural properties of wheat straw. Chemical pretreatments use acids, alkalis, and organic solvents to remove lignin and hemicellulose, making cellulose more accessible for hydrolysis. Biological pretreatments utilize microorganisms and fungi to degrade lignin and other complex compounds, enhancing cellulose breakdown. The study provides data on the effectiveness of these treatments in terms of lignin removal, sugar yield, and overall bioethanol production efficiency. The research aligns with global efforts to promote renewable energy sources and emphasizes the importance of utilizing agricultural waste, such as wheat straw, for sustainable energy production. The study highlights the importance of pretreatment in improving the efficiency of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Various pretreatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations. The study also addresses the challenges associated with pretreatment, such as energy consumption, cost, and environmental impact. Overall, the research underscores the significance of effective pretreatment strategies in making bioethanol production commercially viable.