The National Overactive BLadder Evaluation (NOBLE) Program aimed to understand the prevalence and burden of overactive bladder (OAB) in the US population. The study used a nationally representative telephone survey with clinically validated interview criteria to estimate the prevalence of OAB with and without urge incontinence, assess variation by sex and other factors, and measure individual burden. The overall prevalence of OAB was similar between men (16.0%) and women (16.9%), but the severity and nature of symptoms differed. In women, the prevalence of urge incontinence increased with age, while in men, it increased more gradually. OAB without urge incontinence was more common in men than in women across all age groups. OAB, with and without incontinence, was associated with significantly lower quality of life (SF-36), higher depression scores (CES-D), and poorer sleep quality compared to matched controls. The study concluded that the prevalence of OAB does not differ by sex, but the severity and nature of symptoms do, and that OAB has a clinically significant impact on quality of life, quality of sleep, and mental health in both men and women.The National Overactive BLadder Evaluation (NOBLE) Program aimed to understand the prevalence and burden of overactive bladder (OAB) in the US population. The study used a nationally representative telephone survey with clinically validated interview criteria to estimate the prevalence of OAB with and without urge incontinence, assess variation by sex and other factors, and measure individual burden. The overall prevalence of OAB was similar between men (16.0%) and women (16.9%), but the severity and nature of symptoms differed. In women, the prevalence of urge incontinence increased with age, while in men, it increased more gradually. OAB without urge incontinence was more common in men than in women across all age groups. OAB, with and without incontinence, was associated with significantly lower quality of life (SF-36), higher depression scores (CES-D), and poorer sleep quality compared to matched controls. The study concluded that the prevalence of OAB does not differ by sex, but the severity and nature of symptoms do, and that OAB has a clinically significant impact on quality of life, quality of sleep, and mental health in both men and women.