The Di@bet.es Study is the first national study in Spain to examine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation. It involved 5,072 participants aged ≥18 years, with a participation rate of 55.8%. The study found that 30% of the population had some glucose disturbance. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of diabetes was 13.8% (95% CI 12.8, 14.7%), of which 6.0% (95% CI 5.4, 6.7%) were unknown. Isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 3.4% (95% CI 2.9, 4.0%), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 9.2% (95% CI 8.2, 10.2%), and combined IFG–IGT was 2.2% (95% CI 1.7, 2.7%). The prevalence of diabetes and IGR increased with age and was higher in men than women. The study also found that obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertension were more common in all diabetes-IGR phenotypes. The presence of diabetes was significantly associated with age, sex, education level, obesity, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol, high triacylglycerols, and a family history of diabetes. The study highlights the importance of addressing diabetes and IGR in Spain, with results encouraging urgent implementation of clinical and preventive interventions. The study's strengths include a representative sample and diagnosis via OGTT. Limitations include low participation and self-reported data. The study contributes new information on diabetes and IGR prevalence in Spain, emphasizing the need for public health action.The Di@bet.es Study is the first national study in Spain to examine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation. It involved 5,072 participants aged ≥18 years, with a participation rate of 55.8%. The study found that 30% of the population had some glucose disturbance. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of diabetes was 13.8% (95% CI 12.8, 14.7%), of which 6.0% (95% CI 5.4, 6.7%) were unknown. Isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 3.4% (95% CI 2.9, 4.0%), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 9.2% (95% CI 8.2, 10.2%), and combined IFG–IGT was 2.2% (95% CI 1.7, 2.7%). The prevalence of diabetes and IGR increased with age and was higher in men than women. The study also found that obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertension were more common in all diabetes-IGR phenotypes. The presence of diabetes was significantly associated with age, sex, education level, obesity, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol, high triacylglycerols, and a family history of diabetes. The study highlights the importance of addressing diabetes and IGR in Spain, with results encouraging urgent implementation of clinical and preventive interventions. The study's strengths include a representative sample and diagnosis via OGTT. Limitations include low participation and self-reported data. The study contributes new information on diabetes and IGR prevalence in Spain, emphasizing the need for public health action.