The prevalence of kidney stones in the United States has significantly increased since the last national assessment in 1994. Using data from the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the study found that the overall prevalence of kidney stones was 8.8% (95% CI, 8.1–9.5), with a marked increase compared to the 1994 NHANES III cohort. The prevalence was higher among men (10.6%) than women (7.1%). Obese individuals had a higher prevalence of kidney stones (11.2%) compared to those with normal weight (6.1%). Black, non-Hispanic and Hispanic individuals were less likely to report a history of kidney stones compared to white, non-Hispanic individuals. Multivariable models identified obesity and diabetes as strong risk factors for kidney stones. The study suggests that dietary and lifestyle factors, particularly obesity and diabetes, are likely driving the changing epidemiology of kidney stones in the United States. These findings have important implications for healthcare costs and management strategies for patients with kidney stones.The prevalence of kidney stones in the United States has significantly increased since the last national assessment in 1994. Using data from the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the study found that the overall prevalence of kidney stones was 8.8% (95% CI, 8.1–9.5), with a marked increase compared to the 1994 NHANES III cohort. The prevalence was higher among men (10.6%) than women (7.1%). Obese individuals had a higher prevalence of kidney stones (11.2%) compared to those with normal weight (6.1%). Black, non-Hispanic and Hispanic individuals were less likely to report a history of kidney stones compared to white, non-Hispanic individuals. Multivariable models identified obesity and diabetes as strong risk factors for kidney stones. The study suggests that dietary and lifestyle factors, particularly obesity and diabetes, are likely driving the changing epidemiology of kidney stones in the United States. These findings have important implications for healthcare costs and management strategies for patients with kidney stones.