Periodontal disease is a common oral condition affecting 20-50% of the global population, with high prevalence among adolescents, adults, and the elderly. It is linked to various systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Risk factors include smoking, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, medications, age, heredity, and stress. Smoking increases the risk of severe periodontal disease, while poor oral hygiene promotes bacterial accumulation and inflammation. Hormonal changes in females and diabetes also contribute to periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with a 19% increased risk and 44% in those over 65. Type 2 diabetics with severe periodontitis have 3.2 times higher mortality risk. Periodontal therapy improves glycemic control in diabetics and is linked to preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Periodontal disease is also associated with rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Prevention strategies include improving oral hygiene, using fluoride and antimicrobial agents, quitting smoking, and implementing community-based approaches. Preventive measures can reduce the burden of periodontal disease and its systemic complications, emphasizing the need for integrated healthcare approaches to address both oral and systemic health.Periodontal disease is a common oral condition affecting 20-50% of the global population, with high prevalence among adolescents, adults, and the elderly. It is linked to various systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Risk factors include smoking, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, medications, age, heredity, and stress. Smoking increases the risk of severe periodontal disease, while poor oral hygiene promotes bacterial accumulation and inflammation. Hormonal changes in females and diabetes also contribute to periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with a 19% increased risk and 44% in those over 65. Type 2 diabetics with severe periodontitis have 3.2 times higher mortality risk. Periodontal therapy improves glycemic control in diabetics and is linked to preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Periodontal disease is also associated with rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Prevention strategies include improving oral hygiene, using fluoride and antimicrobial agents, quitting smoking, and implementing community-based approaches. Preventive measures can reduce the burden of periodontal disease and its systemic complications, emphasizing the need for integrated healthcare approaches to address both oral and systemic health.