Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting 20-50% of the global population, with higher rates in developing countries. Risk factors include smoking, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, medication, age, hereditary, and stress. Periodontal disease is strongly associated with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. For instance, it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by 19% and up to 44% in individuals over 65. Type 2 diabetic patients with severe periodontal disease have a 3.2 times higher mortality risk compared to those without or with mild periodontitis. Periodontal therapy can improve glycemic control in these patients. Periodontitis is also linked to maternal infection, preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Preventive strategies should incorporate oral disease prevention into chronic systemic disease initiatives to reduce the burden of disease. Effective measures include proper oral hygiene practices, diet, use of fluoride and antimicrobial agents, smoking cessation, and community and high-risk approaches. Further research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms and develop innovative preventive strategies.Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting 20-50% of the global population, with higher rates in developing countries. Risk factors include smoking, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, medication, age, hereditary, and stress. Periodontal disease is strongly associated with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. For instance, it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by 19% and up to 44% in individuals over 65. Type 2 diabetic patients with severe periodontal disease have a 3.2 times higher mortality risk compared to those without or with mild periodontitis. Periodontal therapy can improve glycemic control in these patients. Periodontitis is also linked to maternal infection, preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Preventive strategies should incorporate oral disease prevention into chronic systemic disease initiatives to reduce the burden of disease. Effective measures include proper oral hygiene practices, diet, use of fluoride and antimicrobial agents, smoking cessation, and community and high-risk approaches. Further research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms and develop innovative preventive strategies.