The article provides a comprehensive review of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) in the atmosphere, covering their diverse sources, characteristics, and atmospheric impacts. PBAP include microorganisms, fungal spores, pollen, viruses, algae, cyanobacteria, biological crusts, lichens, and other biological fragments. The review outlines sampling methods and analytical techniques for PBAP analysis, such as cultivation, microscopy, DNA/RNA analysis, chemical tracers, and optical and mass spectrometry. It discusses the influence of PBAP on atmospheric processes, including their role as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN), and their optical properties. The authors suggest future research directions, emphasizing the need for efficient analytical techniques, standardized methods for abundance and diversity studies, emission rate measurements, and the integration of field and laboratory data into numerical models to better understand the atmospheric transport and climate effects of PBAP.The article provides a comprehensive review of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) in the atmosphere, covering their diverse sources, characteristics, and atmospheric impacts. PBAP include microorganisms, fungal spores, pollen, viruses, algae, cyanobacteria, biological crusts, lichens, and other biological fragments. The review outlines sampling methods and analytical techniques for PBAP analysis, such as cultivation, microscopy, DNA/RNA analysis, chemical tracers, and optical and mass spectrometry. It discusses the influence of PBAP on atmospheric processes, including their role as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN), and their optical properties. The authors suggest future research directions, emphasizing the need for efficient analytical techniques, standardized methods for abundance and diversity studies, emission rate measurements, and the integration of field and laboratory data into numerical models to better understand the atmospheric transport and climate effects of PBAP.