The PREDIMED trial, a randomized controlled trial conducted in Spain, aimed to evaluate the primary prevention of cardiovascular events using a Mediterranean diet. Participants at high cardiovascular risk but without existing cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned to one of three diets: a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts, or a control diet (recommending reduced dietary fat). The primary endpoint was the rate of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes). After a median follow-up of 4.8 years, the trial found that both the Mediterranean diets significantly reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events compared to the control diet. Specifically, the hazard ratios for the Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil and the Mediterranean diet with nuts were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96), respectively, versus the control group. No diet-related adverse effects were reported. The results support the benefits of a Mediterranean diet in reducing cardiovascular risk among high-risk individuals.The PREDIMED trial, a randomized controlled trial conducted in Spain, aimed to evaluate the primary prevention of cardiovascular events using a Mediterranean diet. Participants at high cardiovascular risk but without existing cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned to one of three diets: a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts, or a control diet (recommending reduced dietary fat). The primary endpoint was the rate of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes). After a median follow-up of 4.8 years, the trial found that both the Mediterranean diets significantly reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events compared to the control diet. Specifically, the hazard ratios for the Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil and the Mediterranean diet with nuts were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96), respectively, versus the control group. No diet-related adverse effects were reported. The results support the benefits of a Mediterranean diet in reducing cardiovascular risk among high-risk individuals.