The study estimates global net primary production (NPP) at 104.9 petagrams of carbon per year, with equal contributions from land and oceans. Satellite data show significant spatial and temporal variability in NPP, influenced by physical and ecological factors. Ocean NPP is limited by light, nutrients, and temperature, while land NPP is constrained by water availability. Both land and ocean NPP affect carbon storage, though mechanisms differ. The study integrates land and ocean NPP models using satellite data to provide a comprehensive view of biospheric productivity. The CASA-VGPM model estimates annual global NPP at 104.9 Pg C, with 56.4 Pg C from land and 48.5 Pg C from oceans. Land NPP averages 426 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, while ocean NPP averages 140 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹. Spatially, NPP is highly variable, with high productivity in humid regions and estuaries. Latitudinally, NPP peaks near the equator and mid-latitudes. Seasonal variations are significant, with ocean NPP peaking in summer. The study highlights the importance of NPP in the global carbon cycle and the need for improved data to understand future changes. The research underscores the role of NPP in linking biogeochemical and ecological processes, and the dynamic nature of the global carbon cycle.The study estimates global net primary production (NPP) at 104.9 petagrams of carbon per year, with equal contributions from land and oceans. Satellite data show significant spatial and temporal variability in NPP, influenced by physical and ecological factors. Ocean NPP is limited by light, nutrients, and temperature, while land NPP is constrained by water availability. Both land and ocean NPP affect carbon storage, though mechanisms differ. The study integrates land and ocean NPP models using satellite data to provide a comprehensive view of biospheric productivity. The CASA-VGPM model estimates annual global NPP at 104.9 Pg C, with 56.4 Pg C from land and 48.5 Pg C from oceans. Land NPP averages 426 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, while ocean NPP averages 140 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹. Spatially, NPP is highly variable, with high productivity in humid regions and estuaries. Latitudinally, NPP peaks near the equator and mid-latitudes. Seasonal variations are significant, with ocean NPP peaking in summer. The study highlights the importance of NPP in the global carbon cycle and the need for improved data to understand future changes. The research underscores the role of NPP in linking biogeochemical and ecological processes, and the dynamic nature of the global carbon cycle.