This article addresses the main threats to biodiversity in Ecuador and evaluates current conservation initiatives. Using a qualitative literature review approach, secondary data were analyzed and interviews were conducted with conservation and biodiversity experts. The results indicate that deforestation, driven by agricultural expansion, mining, and oil extraction, as well as water and soil pollution, are the most significant threats to Ecuador's biodiversity. Conservation initiatives, such as reforestation programs, silvopastoral systems, and the implementation of the NDCs and SDGs, have shown promising results but face challenges in terms of implementation and community participation. The discussion focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies, highlighting the need for a more integrated and participatory approach. Improvements are suggested to increase the effectiveness of conservation initiatives. In conclusion, biodiversity protection in Ecuador requires a holistic and collaborative approach, addressing both direct and underlying threats, and is crucial to preserve the country's rich biodiversity for future generations.This article addresses the main threats to biodiversity in Ecuador and evaluates current conservation initiatives. Using a qualitative literature review approach, secondary data were analyzed and interviews were conducted with conservation and biodiversity experts. The results indicate that deforestation, driven by agricultural expansion, mining, and oil extraction, as well as water and soil pollution, are the most significant threats to Ecuador's biodiversity. Conservation initiatives, such as reforestation programs, silvopastoral systems, and the implementation of the NDCs and SDGs, have shown promising results but face challenges in terms of implementation and community participation. The discussion focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies, highlighting the need for a more integrated and participatory approach. Improvements are suggested to increase the effectiveness of conservation initiatives. In conclusion, biodiversity protection in Ecuador requires a holistic and collaborative approach, addressing both direct and underlying threats, and is crucial to preserve the country's rich biodiversity for future generations.