Laser-activated irrigation (LAI) is a technique that uses pulsed lasers to enhance the cleaning and disinfection of root canals. The mechanism involves the formation and implosion of vapor bubbles in the irrigant, driven by cavitation. This process is influenced by factors such as laser wavelength, pulse energy, pulse length, and fiber tip geometry. Erbium lasers (Er:YAG and Er:Cr:YSGG) are particularly effective due to their high absorption in water, leading to efficient cavitation. LAI has shown superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to conventional irrigation and ultrasonic activation in laboratory studies. However, clinical evidence is limited, with most studies showing similar postoperative pain levels between LAI and other activation methods. While LAI is effective in disinfecting root canals, there is a lack of conclusive evidence regarding its superiority over conventional methods. The effectiveness of LAI is also influenced by parameters such as pulse energy, tip position, and irrigation time. Despite these findings, standardized protocols for LAI are still lacking, leading to variability in study results. Overall, LAI shows promise in improving root canal disinfection, but more research is needed to establish its clinical effectiveness.Laser-activated irrigation (LAI) is a technique that uses pulsed lasers to enhance the cleaning and disinfection of root canals. The mechanism involves the formation and implosion of vapor bubbles in the irrigant, driven by cavitation. This process is influenced by factors such as laser wavelength, pulse energy, pulse length, and fiber tip geometry. Erbium lasers (Er:YAG and Er:Cr:YSGG) are particularly effective due to their high absorption in water, leading to efficient cavitation. LAI has shown superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to conventional irrigation and ultrasonic activation in laboratory studies. However, clinical evidence is limited, with most studies showing similar postoperative pain levels between LAI and other activation methods. While LAI is effective in disinfecting root canals, there is a lack of conclusive evidence regarding its superiority over conventional methods. The effectiveness of LAI is also influenced by parameters such as pulse energy, tip position, and irrigation time. Despite these findings, standardized protocols for LAI are still lacking, leading to variability in study results. Overall, LAI shows promise in improving root canal disinfection, but more research is needed to establish its clinical effectiveness.