Stress granules are dynamic assemblies of untranslated mRNAs that form during cellular stress. They are composed of mRNA-binding proteins and other factors, and their formation is regulated by post-translational modifications and ATP-dependent remodeling complexes. Stress granules play a role in modulating the stress response, viral infection, and signaling pathways. Persistent or aberrant stress granule formation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and some cancers. Stress granules are dynamic structures that can undergo phase separation, and their assembly and disassembly are influenced by various factors, including intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins. Stress granules are also involved in mRNA localization, translation, and degradation, as well as in signaling pathways. They can interact with other RNP granules, such as P-bodies, and can be cleared through autophagy. Stress granules are important in cellular processes, including the regulation of mRNA function and cell signaling. Mutations that affect stress granule formation or clearance are linked to several diseases, including ALS, FTLD, and some myopathies. Understanding the assembly and function of stress granules is important for developing therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with stress granule dysfunction.Stress granules are dynamic assemblies of untranslated mRNAs that form during cellular stress. They are composed of mRNA-binding proteins and other factors, and their formation is regulated by post-translational modifications and ATP-dependent remodeling complexes. Stress granules play a role in modulating the stress response, viral infection, and signaling pathways. Persistent or aberrant stress granule formation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and some cancers. Stress granules are dynamic structures that can undergo phase separation, and their assembly and disassembly are influenced by various factors, including intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins. Stress granules are also involved in mRNA localization, translation, and degradation, as well as in signaling pathways. They can interact with other RNP granules, such as P-bodies, and can be cleared through autophagy. Stress granules are important in cellular processes, including the regulation of mRNA function and cell signaling. Mutations that affect stress granule formation or clearance are linked to several diseases, including ALS, FTLD, and some myopathies. Understanding the assembly and function of stress granules is important for developing therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with stress granule dysfunction.