This review discusses the production, properties, and potential of graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms. It begins with an overview of graphene's electronic structure and experimental techniques for identifying and handling the material. The versatility of graphene's properties and potential applications are highlighted, with a focus on various production techniques, including mechanical exfoliation, supported growth, chemical routes using graphene oxide, and molecular approaches. The review summarizes the most promising properties of graphene, emphasizing the importance of matching production methods to characteristics and applications. It discusses the high carrier mobility in suspended and annealed samples for electronic devices, thickness-dependent optical transparency, and the high robustness and full integration of graphene in sensing applications. The review concludes with the potential of graphene as a post-silicon material for CMOS devices and as a platform for post-CMOS molecular architecture in electronic information processing. The review outlines the production methods of graphene, including mechanical exfoliation, supported growth, and chemical routes using graphene oxide. It describes the physical properties of graphene, such as its electronic, optical, and mechanical characteristics, and its use in sensors. The review also discusses the challenges and opportunities in producing and applying graphene, including the need for improved structural quality, better lateral resolution of template patterns, and better preservation of electronic properties upon transfer printing. The review highlights the potential of graphene oxide as a precursor for large-scale graphene production and the challenges in reducing it to recover graphene's properties. It also discusses the use of solvation and other methods for dispersing graphene in solvents and the potential of graphene nanoribbons for electronic applications. The review concludes with the promising potential of graphene in various applications, including electronics, sensors, and materials science.This review discusses the production, properties, and potential of graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms. It begins with an overview of graphene's electronic structure and experimental techniques for identifying and handling the material. The versatility of graphene's properties and potential applications are highlighted, with a focus on various production techniques, including mechanical exfoliation, supported growth, chemical routes using graphene oxide, and molecular approaches. The review summarizes the most promising properties of graphene, emphasizing the importance of matching production methods to characteristics and applications. It discusses the high carrier mobility in suspended and annealed samples for electronic devices, thickness-dependent optical transparency, and the high robustness and full integration of graphene in sensing applications. The review concludes with the potential of graphene as a post-silicon material for CMOS devices and as a platform for post-CMOS molecular architecture in electronic information processing. The review outlines the production methods of graphene, including mechanical exfoliation, supported growth, and chemical routes using graphene oxide. It describes the physical properties of graphene, such as its electronic, optical, and mechanical characteristics, and its use in sensors. The review also discusses the challenges and opportunities in producing and applying graphene, including the need for improved structural quality, better lateral resolution of template patterns, and better preservation of electronic properties upon transfer printing. The review highlights the potential of graphene oxide as a precursor for large-scale graphene production and the challenges in reducing it to recover graphene's properties. It also discusses the use of solvation and other methods for dispersing graphene in solvents and the potential of graphene nanoribbons for electronic applications. The review concludes with the promising potential of graphene in various applications, including electronics, sensors, and materials science.