Wheat blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum, is a serious threat to global wheat production. The disease has spread from Brazil to other regions, including Bangladesh and Zambia. Under current climate conditions, 6.4 million hectares of arable land are vulnerable to wheat blast. Climate change is expected to increase the area suitable for wheat blast infection, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, and reduce global wheat production by 69 million tons per year by mid-century, a 13% decrease. The study used a wheat crop simulation model (DSSAT Nwheat) coupled with a newly developed wheat blast model to quantify the global vulnerability of wheat to the disease under current and future climates. The models were integrated to simulate the spread and impact of wheat blast disease across continents, considering both direct and indirect effects of climate change on wheat production. Under current climatic conditions, wheat blast is already threatening 6.4 million hectares. Climate change is expected to increase this area to 13.5 million hectares by mid-century, leading to a 13% reduction in global wheat production. The most affected regions are South America, Africa, and South Asia, where the disease is already present or is emerging. The study also found that wheat blast could spread to previously unaffected regions, including parts of the USA, Japan, and New Zealand. In some areas, such as parts of India, climate change may reduce the risk of wheat blast infection, but other regions may see increased vulnerability. The study highlights the need for mitigation strategies, including breeding blast-resistant wheat and adjusting planting dates to avoid favorable conditions for the disease. The study also shows that wheat blast is changing in response to climate change, potentially increasing its virulence and resistance to fungicides. This could lead to greater yield losses and increased pressure on food security. The study recommends measures such as crop diversification, rotation, and integrated disease management to reduce the impact of wheat blast on wheat production.Wheat blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum, is a serious threat to global wheat production. The disease has spread from Brazil to other regions, including Bangladesh and Zambia. Under current climate conditions, 6.4 million hectares of arable land are vulnerable to wheat blast. Climate change is expected to increase the area suitable for wheat blast infection, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, and reduce global wheat production by 69 million tons per year by mid-century, a 13% decrease. The study used a wheat crop simulation model (DSSAT Nwheat) coupled with a newly developed wheat blast model to quantify the global vulnerability of wheat to the disease under current and future climates. The models were integrated to simulate the spread and impact of wheat blast disease across continents, considering both direct and indirect effects of climate change on wheat production. Under current climatic conditions, wheat blast is already threatening 6.4 million hectares. Climate change is expected to increase this area to 13.5 million hectares by mid-century, leading to a 13% reduction in global wheat production. The most affected regions are South America, Africa, and South Asia, where the disease is already present or is emerging. The study also found that wheat blast could spread to previously unaffected regions, including parts of the USA, Japan, and New Zealand. In some areas, such as parts of India, climate change may reduce the risk of wheat blast infection, but other regions may see increased vulnerability. The study highlights the need for mitigation strategies, including breeding blast-resistant wheat and adjusting planting dates to avoid favorable conditions for the disease. The study also shows that wheat blast is changing in response to climate change, potentially increasing its virulence and resistance to fungicides. This could lead to greater yield losses and increased pressure on food security. The study recommends measures such as crop diversification, rotation, and integrated disease management to reduce the impact of wheat blast on wheat production.