The article provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and challenges in the development of ferrite-based microwave absorbing materials (MAMs). Ferrite MAMs are crucial for addressing electromagnetic pollution caused by intelligent devices, offering advantages such as high absorption capacity, broadband performance, low thickness, and strong stability. The microstructure of ferrite MAMs is a key factor affecting their microwave absorption properties. The article discusses various microstructures, including sheet, layered, core-shell, and porous structures, and their impact on the performance of MAMs. 1. **Sheet Structure**: Sheet structures, such as graphene, enhance dielectric loss and conductivity, improving microwave absorption. Composites of graphene with ferrite nanoparticles, such as RGO@Fe3O4@PANI, show significant improvements in microwave absorption compared to pure ferrite materials. 2. **Layered Structure**: Layered structures, like MXene and stacked graphite, increase the contact area between materials, enhancing interfacial polarization and impedance matching. Composites of carbon nanotubes with expanded graphite and BaFe12O19, such as CNT/EG/BF, exhibit superior microwave absorption properties. 3. **Core-Shell Structure**: Core-shell structures, including solid, hollow, yolk-eggshell, and non-spherical, enhance electromagnetic synergies and loss mechanisms. For example, Fe3O4@C composites with different core-shell configurations show improved microwave absorption performance. 4. **Porous Structure**: Porous structures, whether biomass-based or other types, increase the specific surface area and allow more electromagnetic waves to penetrate, enhancing multiple reflections and scatterings. Biomass-based porous composites, such as porous carbon@NiFe2O4, demonstrate excellent microwave absorption capabilities. The article also highlights the development trends and future prospects for high-performance MAMs, emphasizing the importance of optimizing microstructures to achieve better impedance matching and broader absorption bandwidth.The article provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and challenges in the development of ferrite-based microwave absorbing materials (MAMs). Ferrite MAMs are crucial for addressing electromagnetic pollution caused by intelligent devices, offering advantages such as high absorption capacity, broadband performance, low thickness, and strong stability. The microstructure of ferrite MAMs is a key factor affecting their microwave absorption properties. The article discusses various microstructures, including sheet, layered, core-shell, and porous structures, and their impact on the performance of MAMs. 1. **Sheet Structure**: Sheet structures, such as graphene, enhance dielectric loss and conductivity, improving microwave absorption. Composites of graphene with ferrite nanoparticles, such as RGO@Fe3O4@PANI, show significant improvements in microwave absorption compared to pure ferrite materials. 2. **Layered Structure**: Layered structures, like MXene and stacked graphite, increase the contact area between materials, enhancing interfacial polarization and impedance matching. Composites of carbon nanotubes with expanded graphite and BaFe12O19, such as CNT/EG/BF, exhibit superior microwave absorption properties. 3. **Core-Shell Structure**: Core-shell structures, including solid, hollow, yolk-eggshell, and non-spherical, enhance electromagnetic synergies and loss mechanisms. For example, Fe3O4@C composites with different core-shell configurations show improved microwave absorption performance. 4. **Porous Structure**: Porous structures, whether biomass-based or other types, increase the specific surface area and allow more electromagnetic waves to penetrate, enhancing multiple reflections and scatterings. Biomass-based porous composites, such as porous carbon@NiFe2O4, demonstrate excellent microwave absorption capabilities. The article also highlights the development trends and future prospects for high-performance MAMs, emphasizing the importance of optimizing microstructures to achieve better impedance matching and broader absorption bandwidth.