This review discusses the progress and challenges of ferrite matrix microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Ferrites are promising materials for mitigating electromagnetic pollution caused by intelligent devices. The article explores how the microstructure of ferrite-based MAMs influences their microwave absorption properties. It highlights various structural designs, including sheet, layered, core-shell, and porous structures, and their impact on performance. The core-shell structure, which includes solid, hollow, yolk-eggshell, and non-spherical configurations, is particularly effective in enhancing microwave absorption through synergistic loss mechanisms. Porous structures, derived from biomass materials, also show potential due to their high surface area and improved impedance matching. The review emphasizes the importance of microstructure design in achieving high-performance MAMs, with a focus on optimizing dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms. Future research directions include further improving the structural design and preparation methods of MAMs to enhance their microwave absorption capabilities. The study concludes that the core-shell structure offers significant advantages in preparing high-performance MAMs, with promising applications in electromagnetic wave absorption.This review discusses the progress and challenges of ferrite matrix microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Ferrites are promising materials for mitigating electromagnetic pollution caused by intelligent devices. The article explores how the microstructure of ferrite-based MAMs influences their microwave absorption properties. It highlights various structural designs, including sheet, layered, core-shell, and porous structures, and their impact on performance. The core-shell structure, which includes solid, hollow, yolk-eggshell, and non-spherical configurations, is particularly effective in enhancing microwave absorption through synergistic loss mechanisms. Porous structures, derived from biomass materials, also show potential due to their high surface area and improved impedance matching. The review emphasizes the importance of microstructure design in achieving high-performance MAMs, with a focus on optimizing dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms. Future research directions include further improving the structural design and preparation methods of MAMs to enhance their microwave absorption capabilities. The study concludes that the core-shell structure offers significant advantages in preparing high-performance MAMs, with promising applications in electromagnetic wave absorption.