This review explores the role of oxidative stress (OS) in aging and aging-related diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced during normal physiological processes, can cause OS when their levels become excessive due to internal and external factors. OS leads to cellular damage, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidative modification, which can trigger apoptosis and senescence. OS is also linked to various aging-related diseases such as retinal disease, neurodegenerative disease, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and reproductive diseases. OS is triggered by both internal and external factors. External triggers include environmental factors like air pollution, diet and lifestyle choices, and exposure to drugs or toxic substances. Internal triggers involve mitochondrial dysfunction and increased NADPH enzyme activity. These triggers contribute to the production of ROS, leading to OS and subsequent aging-related diseases. OS is closely associated with aging, as it causes cellular senescence through various mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidative modification. OS also exacerbates chronic inflammation, which is a key feature of aging and contributes to the development of aging-related diseases. The review discusses the relationship between OS and aging-related diseases, highlighting the role of OS in conditions such as retinal disease, neurodegenerative disease, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and reproductive diseases. It also examines the mechanisms by which OS induces these diseases and the potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating their effects. Antioxidant strategies are presented as a promising approach to combat OS and its effects. Antioxidants, both synthetic and natural, are discussed in terms of their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications. The review emphasizes the importance of antioxidants in preventing and treating aging-related diseases by reducing oxidative damage and promoting cellular health. In conclusion, understanding the relationship between OS and aging-related diseases is crucial for developing effective interventions to delay aging and prevent related diseases. The review highlights the need for further research into the molecular mechanisms of OS and the development of more effective antioxidant strategies to improve the health and quality of life of the elderly.This review explores the role of oxidative stress (OS) in aging and aging-related diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced during normal physiological processes, can cause OS when their levels become excessive due to internal and external factors. OS leads to cellular damage, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidative modification, which can trigger apoptosis and senescence. OS is also linked to various aging-related diseases such as retinal disease, neurodegenerative disease, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and reproductive diseases. OS is triggered by both internal and external factors. External triggers include environmental factors like air pollution, diet and lifestyle choices, and exposure to drugs or toxic substances. Internal triggers involve mitochondrial dysfunction and increased NADPH enzyme activity. These triggers contribute to the production of ROS, leading to OS and subsequent aging-related diseases. OS is closely associated with aging, as it causes cellular senescence through various mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidative modification. OS also exacerbates chronic inflammation, which is a key feature of aging and contributes to the development of aging-related diseases. The review discusses the relationship between OS and aging-related diseases, highlighting the role of OS in conditions such as retinal disease, neurodegenerative disease, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and reproductive diseases. It also examines the mechanisms by which OS induces these diseases and the potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating their effects. Antioxidant strategies are presented as a promising approach to combat OS and its effects. Antioxidants, both synthetic and natural, are discussed in terms of their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications. The review emphasizes the importance of antioxidants in preventing and treating aging-related diseases by reducing oxidative damage and promoting cellular health. In conclusion, understanding the relationship between OS and aging-related diseases is crucial for developing effective interventions to delay aging and prevent related diseases. The review highlights the need for further research into the molecular mechanisms of OS and the development of more effective antioxidant strategies to improve the health and quality of life of the elderly.