This review article explores the relationship between oxidative stress (OS), aging, and aging-related diseases. OS, caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leads to various pathological changes in cells, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidative modification. These changes not only accelerate the aging process but also trigger a variety of aging-related diseases such as retinal disease, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and reproductive diseases. The article discusses the multiple internal and external triggers of OS, including environmental factors, diet, lifestyle, drugs, and toxic stimuli. It also highlights the role of ROS in mediating these pathological changes and the development of aging-related diseases. Finally, the article presents a statistical analysis of effective antioxidant measures currently being developed and applied in the field of aging research, emphasizing the potential therapeutic value of antioxidants in combating OS-induced diseases.This review article explores the relationship between oxidative stress (OS), aging, and aging-related diseases. OS, caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leads to various pathological changes in cells, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidative modification. These changes not only accelerate the aging process but also trigger a variety of aging-related diseases such as retinal disease, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and reproductive diseases. The article discusses the multiple internal and external triggers of OS, including environmental factors, diet, lifestyle, drugs, and toxic stimuli. It also highlights the role of ROS in mediating these pathological changes and the development of aging-related diseases. Finally, the article presents a statistical analysis of effective antioxidant measures currently being developed and applied in the field of aging research, emphasizing the potential therapeutic value of antioxidants in combating OS-induced diseases.