The article reviews the cytokine responses that govern the initiation, evolution, and resolution of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). It highlights the key role of T cell differentiation patterns in driving these responses. In Crohn's disease, the major cytokines are IFN-γ and IL-17/IL-22 produced by Th1 and Th17 CD4+ T cells, respectively. In ulcerative colitis, a Th2-like differentiation process results in the expansion of NKT cells producing IL-13 and possibly IL-5. The review also discusses the cytokine landscape, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TL1A, which act as upstream facilitators and downstream mediators of inflammation. The authors explore how recent and future anti-cytokine therapies function, emphasizing the importance of understanding the cytokine landscape in IBD treatment. The article concludes by discussing the potential of anti-cytokine therapies, such as anti-TNF-α, anti-IL-12p40, and anti-TL1A, in treating IBD.The article reviews the cytokine responses that govern the initiation, evolution, and resolution of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). It highlights the key role of T cell differentiation patterns in driving these responses. In Crohn's disease, the major cytokines are IFN-γ and IL-17/IL-22 produced by Th1 and Th17 CD4+ T cells, respectively. In ulcerative colitis, a Th2-like differentiation process results in the expansion of NKT cells producing IL-13 and possibly IL-5. The review also discusses the cytokine landscape, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TL1A, which act as upstream facilitators and downstream mediators of inflammation. The authors explore how recent and future anti-cytokine therapies function, emphasizing the importance of understanding the cytokine landscape in IBD treatment. The article concludes by discussing the potential of anti-cytokine therapies, such as anti-TNF-α, anti-IL-12p40, and anti-TL1A, in treating IBD.