This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the essential characteristics and advancements in electrode materials and electrolytes for supercapacitor technology. It begins by covering the basics of supercapacitors, including key characterization methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The article then delves into the specific capacitance, energy density, power density, and Coulombic efficiency, which are crucial for assessing supercapacitor performance. The text discusses various types of supercapacitors, including electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors, highlighting their working principles and material-specific characteristics. The review emphasizes the importance of metal oxides, hydroxides, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, and novel materials like MXenes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Each material class is characterized by its unique properties, such as large surface area, electrical conductivity, and redox capabilities, which are essential for maximizing supercapacitor performance. The article also explores the challenges and opportunities in improving energy storage, stability, and affordability of electrode materials. Additionally, the study examines different types of electrolytes, including aqueous, organic, ionic liquid, gel, and solid-state electrolytes, focusing on ionic conductivity, operating voltage windows, safety profiles, and electrochemical stability. The relationship between supercapacitor performance and electrolyte type is highlighted, explaining how electrolyte selection affects energy density, power density, and operational longevity. The review concludes by discussing the current state-of-the-art in supercapacitor technology, emphasizing the role of advanced materials and electrolytes in enhancing performance and addressing the challenges of energy storage. It serves as a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners, offering insights that can inspire creativity and application-specific advancements in this rapidly evolving field.This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the essential characteristics and advancements in electrode materials and electrolytes for supercapacitor technology. It begins by covering the basics of supercapacitors, including key characterization methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The article then delves into the specific capacitance, energy density, power density, and Coulombic efficiency, which are crucial for assessing supercapacitor performance. The text discusses various types of supercapacitors, including electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors, highlighting their working principles and material-specific characteristics. The review emphasizes the importance of metal oxides, hydroxides, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, and novel materials like MXenes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Each material class is characterized by its unique properties, such as large surface area, electrical conductivity, and redox capabilities, which are essential for maximizing supercapacitor performance. The article also explores the challenges and opportunities in improving energy storage, stability, and affordability of electrode materials. Additionally, the study examines different types of electrolytes, including aqueous, organic, ionic liquid, gel, and solid-state electrolytes, focusing on ionic conductivity, operating voltage windows, safety profiles, and electrochemical stability. The relationship between supercapacitor performance and electrolyte type is highlighted, explaining how electrolyte selection affects energy density, power density, and operational longevity. The review concludes by discussing the current state-of-the-art in supercapacitor technology, emphasizing the role of advanced materials and electrolytes in enhancing performance and addressing the challenges of energy storage. It serves as a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners, offering insights that can inspire creativity and application-specific advancements in this rapidly evolving field.