This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the essential characteristics and developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for supercapacitor technology. It begins with an overview of supercapacitors, their working principles, and the key characterization techniques used to evaluate their performance. The article discusses the importance of specific capacitance, energy density, and power density in assessing supercapacitor performance. It also explores various types of supercapacitors, including electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors, highlighting their unique mechanisms and material-specific characteristics. The review emphasizes the significance of metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, and novel materials such as MXenes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in enhancing supercapacitor performance. It discusses the properties of these materials, including their high surface area, electrical conductivity, and redox properties, which are crucial for maximizing supercapacitor performance. The article also examines various electrolyte types, including aqueous, organic, ionic liquid, gel, and solid-state electrolytes, highlighting their impact on supercapacitor performance through parameters such as ionic conductivity, operating voltage windows, and electrochemical stability. The review highlights the relationship between supercapacitor performance and electrolyte type, explaining how electrolyte selection affects total energy density, power density, and operational longevity. It provides a detailed discussion on the fundamental parameters of supercapacitors, including specific capacitance, energy density, power density, and Coulombic efficiency, and their significance in evaluating and improving supercapacitor performance. The article also explores the key performance indicators for supercapacitors, such as cyclic stability and rate capability, which are essential for their practical applications. The review covers the properties and applications of various electrode materials, including carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, metal oxides, and MOFs, emphasizing their roles in enhancing supercapacitor performance. It discusses the advantages and challenges of these materials, providing insights into their potential for future developments in supercapacitor technology. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing research and innovation in electrode materials and electrolytes to advance supercapacitor technology towards higher efficiency and broader applicability.This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the essential characteristics and developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for supercapacitor technology. It begins with an overview of supercapacitors, their working principles, and the key characterization techniques used to evaluate their performance. The article discusses the importance of specific capacitance, energy density, and power density in assessing supercapacitor performance. It also explores various types of supercapacitors, including electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors, highlighting their unique mechanisms and material-specific characteristics. The review emphasizes the significance of metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, and novel materials such as MXenes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in enhancing supercapacitor performance. It discusses the properties of these materials, including their high surface area, electrical conductivity, and redox properties, which are crucial for maximizing supercapacitor performance. The article also examines various electrolyte types, including aqueous, organic, ionic liquid, gel, and solid-state electrolytes, highlighting their impact on supercapacitor performance through parameters such as ionic conductivity, operating voltage windows, and electrochemical stability. The review highlights the relationship between supercapacitor performance and electrolyte type, explaining how electrolyte selection affects total energy density, power density, and operational longevity. It provides a detailed discussion on the fundamental parameters of supercapacitors, including specific capacitance, energy density, power density, and Coulombic efficiency, and their significance in evaluating and improving supercapacitor performance. The article also explores the key performance indicators for supercapacitors, such as cyclic stability and rate capability, which are essential for their practical applications. The review covers the properties and applications of various electrode materials, including carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, metal oxides, and MOFs, emphasizing their roles in enhancing supercapacitor performance. It discusses the advantages and challenges of these materials, providing insights into their potential for future developments in supercapacitor technology. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing research and innovation in electrode materials and electrolytes to advance supercapacitor technology towards higher efficiency and broader applicability.